Calcium oxalate

Calcium oxalate
	; Structure of calcium oxalate dihydrate Calcium, Ca Carbon, C Oxygen, O Hydrogen, H
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Calcium oxalate
	Systematic IUPAC name Calcium ethanedioate
	Other names Oxalate of lime
Identifiers
CAS Number	5794-28-5 (monohydrate) ; 25454-23-3 (dihydrate) ; 192389-49-4 (trihydrate);
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:60579 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3184709;
ChemSpider	30549 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.419
EC Number	209-260-1;
KEGG	C17478;
PubChem CID	16212978;
UNII	4PP86KK527 (monohydrate) ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6027214 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C2H2O4.Ca/c3-1(4)2(5)6;/h(H,3,4)(H,5,6);/q;+2/p-2 Key: QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/C2H2O4.Ca/c3-1(4)2(5)6;/h(H,3,4)(H,5,6);/q;+2/p-2 Key: QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-NUQVWONBAM;
	SMILES C(=O)(C(=O)[O-])[O-].[Ca+2];
Properties
Chemical formula	CaC2O4
Molar mass	128.096 g·mol−1
Appearance	colourless or white crystals (anhydrous and hydrated forms)
Density	2.20 g/cm3, monohydrate
Melting point	200 °C (392 °F; 473 K) decomposes (monohydrate)
Solubility in water	0.61 mg/(100 g) H2O (20 °C)
Solubility product (Ksp)	2.7 × 10−9 for CaC2O4
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Harmful, Irritant
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H312
Precautionary statements	P280
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 1 1
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External SDS
Related compounds
Other anions	Calcium carbonate; Calcium acetate; Calcium formate
Other cations	Sodium oxalate; Beryllium oxalate; Magnesium oxalate; Strontium oxalate; Barium oxalate; Radium oxalate; Iron(II) oxalate; Iron(III) oxalate
Related compounds	Oxalic acid
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula CaC₂O₄ or Ca(COO)₂. It forms hydrates CaC₂O₄·nH₂O, where n varies from 1 to 3. Anhydrous and all hydrated forms are colorless or white. The monohydrate CaC₂O₄·H₂O occurs naturally as the mineral whewellite, forming envelope-shaped crystals, known in plants as raphides. The two rarer hydrates are dihydrate CaC₂O₄·2H₂O, which occurs naturally as the mineral weddellite, and trihydrate CaC₂O₄·3H₂O, which occurs naturally as the mineral caoxite, are also recognized. Some foods have high quantities of calcium oxalates and can produce sores and numbing on ingestion and may even be fatal. Cultural groups with diets that depend highly on fruits and vegetables high in calcium oxalate, such as those in Micronesia, reduce the level of it by boiling and cooking them.^[4]^[5] They are a constituent in 76% of human kidney stones.^[6] Calcium oxalate is also found in beerstone, a scale that forms on containers used in breweries.

^ Cite error: The named reference Acta was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Haynes, W., ed. (2015–2016). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (96th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4-55.
^ Euler. "K_sp Table: Solubility product constants near 25 °C". chm.uri.edu. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
^ Arnold, Michael A. (2014). "Pandanus tectorius S. Parkinson" (PDF). Aggie Horticulture. Texas A&M University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
^ WebMD Editorial. "Foods High in Oxalates". WebMD. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
^ Singh, Prince; Enders, Felicity T.; Vaughan, Lisa E.; Bergstralh, Eric J.; Knoedler, John J.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Lieske, John C.; Rule, Andrew D. (October 2015). "Stone Composition Among First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stone Formers in the Community". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 90 (10): 1356–1365. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.016. PMC 4593754. PMID 26349951.

[Acta-1] Cite error: The named reference Acta was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] Haynes, W., ed. (2015–2016). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (96th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4-55.

[Euler_Ksp-3] Euler. "K_sp Table: Solubility product constants near 25 °C". chm.uri.edu. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

[Arno14-4] Arnold, Michael A. (2014). "Pandanus tectorius S. Parkinson" (PDF). Aggie Horticulture. Texas A&M University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2020.

[5] WebMD Editorial. "Foods High in Oxalates". WebMD. Retrieved 30 January 2022.

[Singh-6] Singh, Prince; Enders, Felicity T.; Vaughan, Lisa E.; Bergstralh, Eric J.; Knoedler, John J.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Lieske, John C.; Rule, Andrew D. (October 2015). "Stone Composition Among First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stone Formers in the Community". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 90 (10): 1356–1365. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.07.016. PMC 4593754. PMID 26349951.

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Names

Structure of calcium oxalate dihydrate Calcium, Ca Carbon, C Oxygen, O Hydrogen, H
Preferred IUPAC name Calcium oxalate
Systematic IUPAC name Calcium ethanedioate
Other names Oxalate of lime
Identifiers
CAS Number	5794-28-5 (monohydrate)^Y 25454-23-3 (dihydrate)^N 192389-49-4 (trihydrate)
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:60579^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3184709
ChemSpider	30549^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.419
EC Number	209-260-1
KEGG	C17478
PubChem CID	16212978
UNII	4PP86KK527 (monohydrate)^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6027214
InChI InChI=1S/C2H2O4.Ca/c3-1(4)2(5)6;/h(H,3,4)(H,5,6);/q;+2/p-2^Y Key: QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L^Y InChI=1/C2H2O4.Ca/c3-1(4)2(5)6;/h(H,3,4)(H,5,6);/q;+2/p-2 Key: QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-NUQVWONBAM
SMILES C(=O)(C(=O)[O-])[O-].[Ca+2]
Properties
Chemical formula	CaC₂O₄
Molar mass	128.096 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	colourless or white crystals (anhydrous and hydrated forms)
Density	2.20 g/cm³, monohydrate^[1]
Melting point	200 °C (392 °F; 473 K) decomposes (monohydrate)
Solubility in water	0.61 mg/(100 g) H₂O (20 °C)^[2]
Solubility product (K_sp)	2.7 × 10⁻⁹ for CaC₂O₄^[3]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Harmful, Irritant
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H312
Precautionary statements	P280
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 1 1
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External SDS
Related compounds
Other anions	Calcium carbonate Calcium acetate Calcium formate
Other cations	Sodium oxalate Beryllium oxalate Magnesium oxalate Strontium oxalate Barium oxalate Radium oxalate Iron(II) oxalate Iron(III) oxalate
Related compounds	Oxalic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references