Carfree city

A carfree city is an urban area absent of motor vehicles.^[1]^[2]^[3] Carfree cities rely on public transport, walking, and cycling for travel as opposed to motor vehicles. Districts where motor vehicles are prohibited are referred to as carfree zones. Carfree city models have gained traction in the second half of the 20th century due to issues with congestion and infrastructure, and proposed environmental and quality of life benefits. Many cities in Asia, Europe, and Africa have carfree areas due to the cities being created before the invention of motor vehicles,^[1] while many developing cities in Asia are using the carfree model to modernize their infrastructure.^[1]

^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference :8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Khreis, Haneen; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. (2021). "Car-Free Cities". International Encyclopedia of Transportation: 240–248. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10707-9.
^ Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.; Khreis, Haneen (2016). "Car free cities: Pathway to healthy urban living". Environment International. 94: 251–262. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.032.

[:8-1] Cite error: The named reference :8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] Khreis, Haneen; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. (2021). "Car-Free Cities". International Encyclopedia of Transportation: 240–248. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10707-9.

[3] Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.; Khreis, Haneen (2016). "Car free cities: Pathway to healthy urban living". Environment International. 94: 251–262. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.032.

[1]

[2]

[3]