Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event

System/ Period	Series/ Epoch	Stage/ Age	Age (Ma)
Paleogene	Paleocene	Danian	younger
Cretaceous	Upper/ Late	Maastrichtian	66.0	72.1
		Campanian	72.1	83.6
		Santonian	83.6	86.3
		Coniacian	86.3	89.8
		Turonian	89.8	93.9
		Cenomanian	93.9	100.5
	Lower/ Early	Albian	100.5	≈113.0
		Aptian	≈113.0	≈125.0
		Barremian	≈125.0	≈129.4
		Hauterivian	≈129.4	≈132.9
		Valanginian	≈132.9	≈139.8
		Berriasian	≈139.8	≈145.0
Jurassic	Upper/ Late	Tithonian	older
Subdivision of the Cretaceous system according to the ICS, as of 2017.^[1]

The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event, also known as the Cenomanian-Turonian extinction, Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE 2), and referred to also as the Bonarelli Event or Level,^[2] was an anoxic extinction event in the Cretaceous period. The Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event is considered to be the most recent truly global oceanic anoxic event in Earth's geologic history.^[3] There was a large carbon cycle disturbance during this time period,^[4]^[5] signified by a large positive carbon isotope excursion.^[6]^[7]^[8] However, apart from the carbon cycle disturbance, there were also large disturbances in the ocean's nitrogen,^[9] oxygen,^[10] phosphorus,^[11]^[12]^[13] sulphur,^[14] and iron cycles.^[15]

^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart". www.stratigraphy.org.
^ Cetean, Claudia G.; Balc, Ramona; Kaminski, Michael A.; Filipescu, Sorin (August 2008). "Biostratigraphy of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Eastern Carpathians (Dâmboviţa Valley): preliminary observations". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia. 53 (1): 11–23. doi:10.5038/1937-8602.53.1.2.
^ Petrizzo, Maria Rose; Amaglio, Giulia; Watkins, David K.; MacLeod, Kenneth G.; Huber, Brian T.; Hasegawa, Takashi; Wolfgring, Erik (19 August 2022). "Biotic and Paleoceanographic Changes Across the Late Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in the Southern High Latitudes (IODP Sites U1513 and U1516, SE Indian Ocean)". Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. 37 (9): e2022PA004474. Bibcode:2022PaPa...37.4474P. doi:10.1029/2022PA004474. PMC 9545577. PMID 36247808.
^ Paul, C. R. C.; Lamolda, M. A.; Mitchell, S. F.; Vaziri, M. R.; Gorostidi, A.; Marshall, J. D. (15 June 1999). "The Cenomanian–Turonian boundary at Eastbourne (Sussex, UK): a proposed European reference section". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 150 (1–2): 83–121. Bibcode:1999PPP...150...83P. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00009-7. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
^ Arthur, Michael A.; Dean, Walter E.; Pratt, Lisa M. (20 October 1988). "Geochemical and climatic effects of increased marine organic carbon burial at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary". Nature. 335 (6192): 714–717. Bibcode:1988Natur.335..714A. doi:10.1038/335714a0. S2CID 4277249. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
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^ Cite error: The named reference JarvisEtAl2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference JarvisEtAl1988 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference JuniumAndArthur2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference OAE2Poland was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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[1] "International Chronostratigraphic Chart". www.stratigraphy.org.

[2] Cetean, Claudia G.; Balc, Ramona; Kaminski, Michael A.; Filipescu, Sorin (August 2008). "Biostratigraphy of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Eastern Carpathians (Dâmboviţa Valley): preliminary observations". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia. 53 (1): 11–23. doi:10.5038/1937-8602.53.1.2.

[3] Petrizzo, Maria Rose; Amaglio, Giulia; Watkins, David K.; MacLeod, Kenneth G.; Huber, Brian T.; Hasegawa, Takashi; Wolfgring, Erik (19 August 2022). "Biotic and Paleoceanographic Changes Across the Late Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in the Southern High Latitudes (IODP Sites U1513 and U1516, SE Indian Ocean)". Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. 37 (9): e2022PA004474. Bibcode:2022PaPa...37.4474P. doi:10.1029/2022PA004474. PMC 9545577. PMID 36247808.

[4] Paul, C. R. C.; Lamolda, M. A.; Mitchell, S. F.; Vaziri, M. R.; Gorostidi, A.; Marshall, J. D. (15 June 1999). "The Cenomanian–Turonian boundary at Eastbourne (Sussex, UK): a proposed European reference section". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 150 (1–2): 83–121. Bibcode:1999PPP...150...83P. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00009-7. Retrieved 28 January 2023.

[5] Arthur, Michael A.; Dean, Walter E.; Pratt, Lisa M. (20 October 1988). "Geochemical and climatic effects of increased marine organic carbon burial at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary". Nature. 335 (6192): 714–717. Bibcode:1988Natur.335..714A. doi:10.1038/335714a0. S2CID 4277249. Retrieved 28 January 2023.

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[JarvisEtAl2006-7] Cite error: The named reference JarvisEtAl2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[JarvisEtAl1988-8] Cite error: The named reference JarvisEtAl1988 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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[OAE2Poland-10] Cite error: The named reference OAE2Poland was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[EnhancedPhosphorusRecycling-11] Cite error: The named reference EnhancedPhosphorusRecycling was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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[PhosphorusCycleOscillation-13] Cite error: The named reference PhosphorusCycleOscillation was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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[OkhouchiEtAl1999-15] Cite error: The named reference OkhouchiEtAl1999 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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