Cerium(III) sulfide

Cerium(III) sulfide
Names
	IUPAC name Cerium(III) sulfide
	Other names Cerium sulfide red; Cerium sesquisulfide; Cerous sulfide; Dicerium trisulfide;
Identifiers
CAS Number	12014-93-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	140174;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.445
EC Number	234-603-7;
PubChem CID	159394;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30894257 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2Ce.3S/q2+3;3-2 Key: MMXSKTNPRXHINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3];
Properties
Chemical formula	Ce2S3
Molar mass	375.73 g/mol
Appearance	Red/burgundy/black crystals (depending on polymorph)
Density	5.18 g/cm3
Melting point	1,840 to 1,940 °C (3,340 to 3,520 °F; 2,110 to 2,210 K)
Boiling point	decomposes (at 2300 °C)
Solubility in water	insoluble
Solubility	soluble in warm formic or acetic acid; soluble in cold dil. HCl, HNO3 or H2SO4
Band gap	2.06 eV (γ-Ce2S3)
Refractive index (nD)	2.77 (589 nm)
Structure
Crystal structure	orthorhombic (α-Ce2S3); tetragonal (β-Ce2S3); cubic (γ-Ce2S3)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	126.2 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-1260 kJ·mol−1
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	-1230 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements	P261, P280, P305+P351+P338
Related compounds
Other anions	Cerium(III) oxide, Cerium(III) selenide, Cerium(III) oxyselenide
Other cations	Samarium(III) sulfide, Praseodymium(III) sulfide
Related compounds	Cerium(II) sulfide, Ce3S4, Cerium disulfide, Ce2O2S
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Cerium(III) sulfide, also known as cerium sesquisulfide, is an inorganic compound with the formula Ce₂S₃. It is the sulfide salt of cerium(III) and exists as three polymorphs with different crystal structures.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Its high melting point (comparable to silica or alumina) and chemically inert nature have led to occasional examination of potential use as a refractory material for crucibles, but it has never been widely adopted for this application.^[2]

The distinctive red colour of two of the polymorphs (α- and β-Ce₂S₃) and aforementioned chemical stability up to high temperatures have led to some limited commercial use as a red pigment (known as cerium sulfide red).^[3]

^ Banks, E.; Stripp, K. F.; Newkirk, H. W.; Ward, R. (1952). "Cerium(III) Sulfide and Selenide and Some of their Solid Solutions1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 74 (10): 2450–2453. doi:10.1021/ja01130a002. ISSN 0002-7863.
^ ^a ^b Hirai, Shinji; Shimakage, Kazuyoshi; Saitou, Yasushi; Nishimura, Toshiyuki; Uemura, Yoichiro; Mitomo, Mamoru; Brewer, Leo (1998). "Synthesis and Sintering of Cerium(III) Sulfide Powders". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 81 (1): 145–151. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02306.x. ISSN 1551-2916.
^ ^a ^b Kariper, I. A. (2014). "Synthesis and characterization of cerium sulfide thin film". Progress in Natural Science: Materials International. 24 (6). Elsevier: 663–670. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2014.10.005. ISSN 1002-0071.

[:1-1] Banks, E.; Stripp, K. F.; Newkirk, H. W.; Ward, R. (1952). "Cerium(III) Sulfide and Selenide and Some of their Solid Solutions1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 74 (10): 2450–2453. doi:10.1021/ja01130a002. ISSN 0002-7863.

[:0-2] Hirai, Shinji; Shimakage, Kazuyoshi; Saitou, Yasushi; Nishimura, Toshiyuki; Uemura, Yoichiro; Mitomo, Mamoru; Brewer, Leo (1998). "Synthesis and Sintering of Cerium(III) Sulfide Powders". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 81 (1): 145–151. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02306.x. ISSN 1551-2916.

[:2-3] Kariper, I. A. (2014). "Synthesis and characterization of cerium sulfide thin film". Progress in Natural Science: Materials International. 24 (6). Elsevier: 663–670. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2014.10.005. ISSN 1002-0071.

[1]

[2]

[3]

Names

IUPAC name Cerium(III) sulfide
Other names Cerium sulfide red Cerium sesquisulfide Cerous sulfide Dicerium trisulfide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12014-93-6^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	140174
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.445
EC Number	234-603-7
PubChem CID	159394
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30894257
InChI InChI=1S/2Ce.3S/q2+3;3-2 Key: MMXSKTNPRXHINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES [S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3]
Properties
Chemical formula	Ce₂S₃
Molar mass	375.73 g/mol
Appearance	Red/burgundy/black crystals (depending on polymorph)
Density	5.18 g/cm³
Melting point	1,840 to 1,940 °C (3,340 to 3,520 °F; 2,110 to 2,210 K)
Boiling point	decomposes (at 2300 °C)
Solubility in water	insoluble
Solubility	soluble in warm formic or acetic acid soluble in cold dil. HCl, HNO₃ or H₂SO₄
Band gap	2.06 eV (γ-Ce₂S₃)
Refractive index (n_D)	2.77 (589 nm)
Structure
Crystal structure	orthorhombic (α-Ce₂S₃) tetragonal (β-Ce₂S₃) cubic (γ-Ce₂S₃)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	126.2 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^⦵₂₉₈)	-1260 kJ·mol⁻¹
Gibbs free energy (Δ_fG^⦵)	-1230 kJ·mol⁻¹
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements	P261, P280, P305+P351+P338
Related compounds
Other anions	Cerium(III) oxide, Cerium(III) selenide, Cerium(III) oxyselenide
Other cations	Samarium(III) sulfide, Praseodymium(III) sulfide
Related compounds	Cerium(II) sulfide, Ce₃S₄, Cerium disulfide, Ce₂O₂S
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references