Chagatai | |
---|---|
چغتای Čaġatāy | |
![]() Chagatai (چغتای) written in Nastaliq script | |
Region | Central Asia |
Extinct | c. 1921 |
Turkic
| |
Early forms | |
Perso-Arabic script (Nastaliq) | |
Official status | |
Official language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-2 | chg |
ISO 639-3 | chg |
chg | |
Glottolog | chag1247 |
Chagatai[a] (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki,[b][5] Eastern Turkic,[6] or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi),[4] is an extinct Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc.[7][8] Literary Chagatai is the predecessor of the modern Karluk branch of Turkic languages, which includes Uzbek and Uyghur.[9] Turkmen, which is not within the Karluk branch but in the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, was nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.[10]
Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.[11]
Chagatai literature is still studied in modern Uzbekistan, where the language is seen as the predecessor and the direct ancestor of modern Uzbek, and the literature is regarded as part of the national heritage of Uzbekistan.[citation needed]
Ebn Mohannā (Jamāl-al-Dīn, fl. early 8th/14th century, probably in Khorasan), for instance, characterized it as the purest of all Turkish languages (Doerfer, 1976, p. 243), and the khans of the Golden Horde (Radloff, 1870; Kurat; Bodrogligeti, 1962) and of the Crimea (Kurat), as well as the Kazan Tatars (Akhmetgaleeva; Yusupov), wrote in Chaghatay much of the time.
As a result, we can claim that Şeyhzade Abdürrezak Bahşı was a scribe lived in the palaces of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror and his son Bayezid-i Veli in the 15th century, wrote letters (bitig) and firmans (yarlığ) sent to Eastern Turks by Mehmed II and Bayezid II in both Uighur and Arabic scripts and in East Turkestan (Chagatai) language.
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