Chatham Islands

Chatham Islands

Native name: Rēkohu (Moriori) Wharekauri (Māori) Nickname: The Chathams
The two largest islands: Chatham (Rēkohu) and Pitt Island (Rangiaotea), to the southeast
Location of the Chatham Islands
Geography
Location	Southern Pacific Ocean
Coordinates	44°00′S 176°30′W / 44.00°S 176.50°W / -44.00; -176.50
Total islands	10
Major islands	Chatham Island Pitt Island
Area	793.88 km2 (306.52 sq mi)[1]
Highest elevation	299 m (981 ft)
Administration
New Zealand
Electorates	Rongotai Te Tai Tonga (Māori)
MPs	Julie Anne Genter (Green) Tākuta Ferris (Māori)
Local Government
Territorial authority	Chatham Islands Council
Largest settlement	Waitangi
Mayor	Monique Croon
Deputy Mayor	Keri Lea Day[2]
Demographics
Demonym	Chatham Islanders
Population	730 (June 2023)[3]
Additional information
Time zone	CHAST (UTC+12:45)
• Summer (DST)	CHADT (UTC+13:45)
Official website	cic.govt.nz

The Chatham Islands (/ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) (Moriori: Rēkohu, lit. 'Misty Sun'; Māori: Wharekauri) are an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about 800 km (430 nmi) east of New Zealand's South Island. They are administered as part of New Zealand.^[4] The archipelago consists of about 10 islands within an approximate 60 km (30 nmi) radius, the largest of which are Chatham Island and Pitt Island (Rangiauria). They include New Zealand's easternmost point, the Forty-Fours. Some of the islands, formerly cleared for farming, are now preserved as nature reserves to conserve some of the unique flora and fauna.

The islands were uninhabited when the Moriori people arrived around 1500 CE and developed a peaceful way of life. In 1835 members of the Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama Māori iwi from the North Island of New Zealand invaded the islands and nearly exterminated the Moriori, enslaving the survivors. Later during the period of European colonisation of New Zealand, the New Zealand Company claimed that the British Crown had never included the Chatham Islands as being under its control. The company proposed that it should be sold to the Germans to be a German colony with a contract drawn up for the sale of the islands for £10,000 in 1841, equivalent to approximately £860,000 in 2023.^[5] However, the sale failed and the Chatham Islands officially became part of the Colony of New Zealand in 1842. In 1863 the resident magistrate declared the Moriori released from slavery.^[6]

The Chatham Islands had a resident population of 730 as of June 2023.^[3] Waitangi is the main port and settlement. The local economy depends largely on conservation, tourism, farming, and fishing. The Chatham Islands Council provides local administration – its powers resemble those of New Zealand's unitary authorities. The Chatham Islands have their own time zone, 45 minutes ahead of mainland New Zealand.