Chero dynasty

Chero Kingdom
1150–1450
Capital	Bihiya Tirawan Chainpur Deo Markande Palamu Forts
Common languages	Bhojpuri Magahi Nagpuri Awadhi Abahattha Apabhraṃśa Magadhi Prakrit Ardhamagadhi Prakrit Pali Sanskrit
Religion	Hinduism
Government	Monarchy
Raja
• 1585–1605	Bhagwant Rai
• 1658–1674	Medini Ray
• 1771–1776	Gopal Rai
• 1783–1813	Churaman Rai
History
• Established	1150
• Disestablished	1450
Preceded by Succeeded by Pala Empire Raksel dynasty Sur Empire Mughal Empire Dumraon Raj Deo Raj Bansgaon Estate Company rule in India Benares State Oudh State
Today part of	India

The Chero dynasty or Chyavana dynasty was a polity that ruled the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, corresponding to the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand, after the fall of the Pala Empire; their rule lasted from the 12th century CE to the middle of the 15th century.

The Chero/Chyavana Kingdom territory stretched from Upper Gangetic plain in west to the lower Ganga plain in East and from the Madhesh region in north to the Kaimur Range and Chota Nagpur Plateau in south. At its peak of reign, the Chero/Chyavana kingdom extended from an area of Prayagraj in the west to Banka in the east and from Champaran in the north to Chota Nagpur Plateau in the south. They survived and remained independent of the Turkic and Mughal rule and at worst were their tributaries.^[1][2][3]

They established principalities in the Shahabad, Saran, Champaran, Muzzafarpur and Palamu. Bihea was capital of Chero Raja Ghughulia. Tirawan in Bhojpur region was second capital where Raja Sitaram Rai, the son of Raja Ram Rai was ruling chief. Chainpur was capital of third principalities where Raja Salabahim as its ruler. In Sasaram, the capital was Deo Markande with Raja Phulchand as chief.^[4]