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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Trichloromethane | |||
Other names | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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Abbreviations | R-20, TCM | ||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.603 | ||
EC Number |
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KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1888 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
CHCl3 | |||
Molar mass | 119.37 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Highly refractive colorless liquid | ||
Odor | Sweet, minty, pleasant | ||
Density | 1.564 g/cm3 (−20 °C) 1.489 g/cm3 (25 °C) 1.394 g/cm3 (60 °C) | ||
Melting point | −63.5 °C (−82.3 °F; 209.7 K) | ||
Boiling point | 61.15 °C (142.07 °F; 334.30 K) decomposes at 450 °C | ||
10.62 g/L (0 °C) 8.09 g/L (20 °C) 7.32 g/L (60 °C) | |||
Solubility | Soluble in benzene Miscible in diethyl ether, oils, ligroin, alcohol, CCl4, CS2 | ||
Solubility in acetone | ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C) | ||
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide | ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C) | ||
Vapor pressure | 0.62 kPa (−40 °C) 7.89 kPa (0 °C) 25.9 kPa (25 °C) 313 kPa (100 °C) 2.26 MPa (200 °C) | ||
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
3.67 L·atm/mol (24 °C) | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 15.7 (20 °C) | ||
UV-vis (λmax) | 250 nm, 260 nm, 280 nm | ||
−59.30·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Thermal conductivity | 0.13 W/(m·K) (20 °C) | ||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.4459 (20 °C) | ||
Viscosity | 0.563 cP (20 °C) | ||
Structure | |||
Tetrahedral | |||
1.15 D | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C)
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114.25 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
202.9 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−134.3 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
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−71.1 kJ/mol | ||
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
473.21 kJ/mol | ||
Pharmacology | |||
N01AB02 (WHO) | |||
Hazards[9] | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
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Decomposes to extremely toxic phosgene and hydrogen chloride in presence of light – possibly carcinogenic – Reproductive toxicity – hepatotoxic[3][4][5] | ||
GHS labelling: | |||
Danger | |||
H302, H315, H319, H331, H336, H351, H361d, H372 | |||
P201, P202, P235, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | Nonflammable | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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704 mg/kg (mouse, dermal)[6] | ||
LC50 (median concentration)
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47,702 mg/m3 (rat, 4 hr)[7] | ||
LCLo (lowest published)
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NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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50 ppm (240 mg/m3)[4] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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Ca ST 2 ppm (9.78 mg/m3) [60-minute][4] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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500 ppm[4][clarification needed] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | [1] | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Supplementary data page | |||
Chloroform (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chloroform,[10] or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a very volatile, colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE.[11] Chloroform is a trihalomethane that serves as a powerful general anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic, and sedative when inhaled or ingested, for this reason, Chloroform was used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.[12][13] It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).
The retained names 'bromoform' for HCBr3, 'chloroform' for HCCl3, and 'iodoform' for HCI3 are acceptable in general nomenclature. Preferred IUPAC names are substitutive names.
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