Chronic granulomatous disease

Chronic granulomatous disease
Other names	Bridges–Good syndrome, chronic granulomatous disorder, Quie syndrome
Superoxide
Specialty	Immunology

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also known as Bridges–Good syndrome, chronic granulomatous disorder, and Quie syndrome,^[1] is a diverse group of hereditary diseases in which certain cells of the immune system have difficulty forming the reactive oxygen compounds (most importantly the superoxide radical due to defective phagocyte NADPH oxidase) used to kill certain ingested pathogens.^[2] This leads to the formation of granulomas in many organs.^[3] CGD affects about 1 in 200,000 people in the United States, with about 20 new cases diagnosed each year.^[4][5]

This condition was first discovered in 1950 in a series of four boys from Minnesota, and in 1957 it was named "a fatal granulomatosus of childhood" in a publication describing their disease.^[6][7] The underlying cellular mechanism that causes chronic granulomatous disease was discovered in 1967, and research since that time has further elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease.^[8] Bernard Babior made key contributions in linking the defect of superoxide production of white blood cells, to the cause of the disease. In 1986, the X-linked form of CGD was the first disease for which positional cloning was used to identify the underlying genetic mutation.