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The terms African civilizations, also classical African civilizations, or African empires are terms that generally refer to the various pre-colonial African kingdoms. The civilizations usually include Egypt, Carthage, Axum,[1] Numidia, and Nubia,[1] but may also be extended to the prehistoric Land of Punt and others: Kingdom of Dagbon, the Empire of Ashanti, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Mali, Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Songhai Empire, the Garamantes the Empire of Ghana, Bono state,[2] Harla Kingdom, Kingdom of Benin, Ife Empire and Oyo Empire.
- ^ a b Curry, Deborah A.; Blandy, Susan Griswold; Martin, Lynne M. (February 20, 1994). Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Academic Libraries: Multicultural Issues. Haworth Press. ISBN 9781560246565 – via Google Books.
- ^ Meyerowitz, Eva L. R. (1975). The Early History of the Akan States of Ghana. Red Candle Press. ISBN 9780608390352.
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