Cleveland Summit

The Vietnam war is "a hell hole of racism for the Negroes GIs over and above the usual hell of war," a quote from The Philadelphia Independent on an anti-war poster

The Cleveland Summit, also known as the Muhammad Ali Summit, was a meeting on Sunday, June 4, 1967, among twelve leading African-American men, eleven athletes and one politician, on the East Side of Cleveland, Ohio. Football star Jim Brown organized it in response to Muhammad Ali's refusal, a month earlier, to enter the draft for the Vietnam War. The participants expressed support for Ali's decision in a press conference following the summit.


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