Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /kləˈpɪdəɡrɛl, kloʊ-/[1] |
Trade names | Plavix, Iscover, others[2] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601040 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
ATC code | |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | >50% |
Protein binding | 94–98% |
Metabolism | Liver |
Onset of action | 2 hours[9] |
Elimination half-life | 7–8 hours (inactive metabolite) |
Duration of action | 5 days[9] |
Excretion | 50% Kidney 46% bile duct |
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PDB ligand | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.127.841 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C16H16ClNO2S |
Molar mass | 321.82 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Clopidogrel, sold under the brand name Plavix among others, is an antiplatelet medication used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk.[9] It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent (dual antiplatelet therapy).[9] It is taken by mouth.[9] Its effect starts about two hours after intake and lasts for five days.[9]
Common side effects include headache, nausea, easy bruising, itching, and heartburn.[9] More severe side effects include bleeding and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.[9] While there is no evidence of harm from use during pregnancy, such use has not been well studied.[3] Clopidogrel is in the thienopyridine-class of antiplatelets.[9] It works by irreversibly inhibiting a receptor called P2Y12 on platelets.[9]
Clopidogrel was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1997.[6][10] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[11] In 2021, it was the 37th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 16 million prescriptions.[12][13] It is available as a generic medication.[9]
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