Colophon (city)

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Colophon

Κολοφών (in Ancient Greek)
Colophon is just right of center
Shown within Turkey
Location	Değirmendere, Izmir Province, Turkey
Region	Ionia
Coordinates	38°06′32″N 27°08′30″E / 38.10889°N 27.14167°E / 38.10889; 27.14167
Type	Settlement
History
Cultures	Greek, Roman
Associated with	Xenophanes, Antimachus, Mimnermus, Hermesianax

Colophon (/ˈkɒləˌfɒn, -fən/;^[1] Ancient Greek: Κολοφών, romanized: Kolophṓn) was an ancient city in Ionia. Founded around the end of the 2nd millennium BC, it was likely one of the oldest of the twelve cities of the Ionian League. It was located between Lebedos (120 stadia to the west) and Ephesus (70 stadia to its south). Its ruins are south of the town Değirmendere in the Menderes district of Izmir Province, Turkey.

The city's name comes from the word κολοφών, "summit", (which is also the origin of the bibliographic term "colophon", in the metaphorical sense of a 'crowning touch',) as it was sited along a ridgeline. The term colophony for rosin comes from the term colophonia resina (Ancient Greek: Κολοφωνία ῥητίνη Kolophōnia rhētinē),^[2][3] resin from the pine trees of Colophon, which was highly valued for increasing friction of the bow hairs of stringed musical instruments.^[4]