Combinatorial map

A combinatorial map is a combinatorial representation of a graph on an orientable surface. A combinatorial map may also be called a combinatorial embedding, a rotation system, an orientable ribbon graph, a fat graph, or a cyclic graph.^[1] More generally, an ${\displaystyle n}$-dimensional combinatorial map is a combinatorial representation of a graph on an ${\displaystyle n}$-dimensional orientable manifold.

Combinatorial maps are used as efficient data structures in image representation and processing, in geometrical modeling. This model is related to simplicial complexes and to combinatorial topology. A combinatorial map is a boundary representation model; it represents object by its boundaries.