| Combined hormonal contraception | |
|---|---|
| |
| Background | |
| Type | Hormonal |
| First use |
|
| Failure rates (first year) | |
| Perfect use | 0.3[1]% |
| Typical use | 9[1]% |
| Usage | |
| Reversibility | on discontinuation |
| User reminders | ? |
| Advantages and disadvantages | |
| STI protection | No |
| Periods | Typically regular and lighter |
| Weight | No evidence of weight gain[1] |
Combined hormonal contraception (CHC), or combined birth control, is a form of hormonal contraception which combines both an estrogen and a progestogen in varying formulations.[1][2]
The different types available include the pill, the patch and the vaginal ring, which are all widely available,[3] and an injection, which is available in only some countries.[4] They work by mainly suppressing luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and in turn preventing ovulation.[1]
The pill, patch, and vaginal ring are all about 93% effective with typical use.[5] Beneficial health effects include reduced risks of ovarian, endometrial and colorectal cancers. CHC can also provide improved control of some menstrual problems. Adverse effects include a small but higher risk of venous thromboembolism, arterial thromboembolism, breast cancer and cervical cancer.[4][6]
- ^ a b c d e "FSRH Clinical Guideline: Combined Hormonal Contraception (January 2019, Amended February 2019) – Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare". www.fsrh.org. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
- ^ Altshuler, Anna L.; Gaffield, Mary E.; Kiarie, James N. (December 2015). "The WHO's medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use: 20 years of global guidance". Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 27 (6): 451–459. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000212. ISSN 1040-872X. PMC 5703409. PMID 26390246.
- ^ "Combined Hormonal Birth Control: Pill, Patch, and Ring – ACOG". www.acog.org. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ a b WHO | Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use (PDF) (5th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 2015. p. 111. ISBN 978-92-4-154915-8. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ "Your birth control choices". Reproductive Health Access Project. Retrieved 2020-08-10.
- ^ "FSRH Clinical Guideline: Combined Hormonal Contraception (January 2019, Amended February 2019) – Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare". www.fsrh.org. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search