Constitutionalism in the United States is the framework of principles and practices that uphold the United States Constitution as the supreme law of the land, guiding governance and protecting individual rights.[1] It emphasizes the rule of law, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism, rooted in Enlightenment ideals of liberty and governance by consent.[2] Since its ratification in 1788, the Constitution has shaped American political, legal, and cultural development.
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