Corded Ware culture

Corded Ware culture
Geographical range	Europe
Period	Chalcolithic
Dates	c. 3000 BC – c. 2350 BC
Major sites	Bronocice
Preceded by	Yamnaya culture, Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, Globular Amphora culture, Funnelbeaker culture, Baden culture, Horgen culture, Volosovo culture, Narva culture, Pit–Comb Ware culture, Pitted Ware culture
Followed by	Bell Beaker culture, Fatyanovo–Balanovo culture, Abashevo culture, Sintashta culture, Mierzanowice culture, Unetice culture, Nordic Bronze Age, Komarov culture

The Corded Ware culture comprises a broad archaeological horizon of Europe between c. 3000 BC – 2350 BC, thus from the late Neolithic, through the Copper Age, and ending in the early Bronze Age.^[2] Corded Ware culture encompassed a vast area, from the contact zone between the Yamnaya culture and the Corded Ware culture in south Central Europe, to the Rhine in the west and the Volga in the east, occupying parts of Northern Europe, Central Europe and Eastern Europe.^[2]^[3] Autosomal genetic studies suggest that the Corded Ware culture originated from the westward migration of Yamnaya-related people from the steppe-forest zone into the territory of late Neolithic European cultures,^[4]^[5]^[6] evolving in parallel with (although under significant influence from) the Yamnaya, with no evidence of direct male-line descent between them.^[7]

The Corded Ware culture is considered to be a likely vector for the spread of many of the Indo-European languages in Europe and Asia.^[1]^[8]^[9]^[10]

^ ^a ^b Allentoft 2015.
^ ^a ^b Beckerman, Sandra Mariët (2015). Corded Ware Coastal Communities: Using ceramic analysis to reconstruct third millennium BC societies in the Netherlands. Leiden: Sidestone Press.
^ Cite error: The named reference Nordqvist_Heyd_2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Kristiansen, Kristian; Allentoft, Morten E.; Frei, Karin M.; Iversen, Rune; Johannsen, Niels N.; Kroonen, Guus; Pospieszny, Łukasz; Price, T. Douglas; Rasmussen, Simon; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Sikora, Martin (2017). "Re-theorising mobility and the formation of culture and language among the Corded Ware Culture in Europe". Antiquity. 91 (356): 334–347. doi:10.15184/aqy.2017.17. hdl:1887/70150. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 15536709.
^ Malmström, Helena; Günther, Torsten; Svensson, Emma M.; Juras, Anna; Fraser, Magdalena; Munters, Arielle R.; Pospieszny, Łukasz; Tõrv, Mari; Lindström, Jonathan; Götherström, Anders; Storå, Jan (9 October 2019). "The genomic ancestry of the Scandinavian Battle Axe Culture people and their relation to the broader Corded Ware horizon". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1912): 20191528. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1528. PMC 6790770. PMID 31594508.
^ Papac et al. 2021.
^ Kristiansen, Kristian; Kroonen, Guus; Willerslev, Eske (11 May 2023). The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited: Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-1-009-26174-6. "How exactly the emergence and expansion of the Corded Ware are linked to the emergence and expansion of the Yamnaya horizon remains unclear. However, the Y chromosome record of both groups indicates that Corded Ware cannot be derived directly from the Yamnaya or late eastern farming groups sampled thus far, and is therefore likely to constitute a parallel development in the forest steppe and temperate forest zones of Eastern Europe. Even in Central Europe, the formation of the earliest regional Corded Ware identities was the result of local and regional social practices that resulted in the typical Corded Ware rite of passage."
^ Haak et al. 2015.
^ Kristiansen, Kristian (30 November 2011), "The Bronze Age expansion of Indo-European languages", Becoming European, Oxbow Books, pp. 165–182, doi:10.2307/j.ctvh1dq3m.18, retrieved 26 January 2022
^ Narasimhan 2019.

[FOOTNOTEAllentoft2015-1] Allentoft 2015.

[Beckerman-2] Beckerman, Sandra Mariët (2015). Corded Ware Coastal Communities: Using ceramic analysis to reconstruct third millennium BC societies in the Netherlands. Leiden: Sidestone Press.

[Nordqvist_Heyd_2020-3] Cite error: The named reference Nordqvist_Heyd_2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[4] Kristiansen, Kristian; Allentoft, Morten E.; Frei, Karin M.; Iversen, Rune; Johannsen, Niels N.; Kroonen, Guus; Pospieszny, Łukasz; Price, T. Douglas; Rasmussen, Simon; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Sikora, Martin (2017). "Re-theorising mobility and the formation of culture and language among the Corded Ware Culture in Europe". Antiquity. 91 (356): 334–347. doi:10.15184/aqy.2017.17. hdl:1887/70150. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 15536709.

[5] Malmström, Helena; Günther, Torsten; Svensson, Emma M.; Juras, Anna; Fraser, Magdalena; Munters, Arielle R.; Pospieszny, Łukasz; Tõrv, Mari; Lindström, Jonathan; Götherström, Anders; Storå, Jan (9 October 2019). "The genomic ancestry of the Scandinavian Battle Axe Culture people and their relation to the broader Corded Ware horizon". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1912): 20191528. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1528. PMC 6790770. PMID 31594508.

[FOOTNOTEPapacErnéeDobešLangová2021-6] Papac et al. 2021.

[Kristiansen2023-7] Kristiansen, Kristian; Kroonen, Guus; Willerslev, Eske (11 May 2023). The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited: Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-1-009-26174-6. "How exactly the emergence and expansion of the Corded Ware are linked to the emergence and expansion of the Yamnaya horizon remains unclear. However, the Y chromosome record of both groups indicates that Corded Ware cannot be derived directly from the Yamnaya or late eastern farming groups sampled thus far, and is therefore likely to constitute a parallel development in the forest steppe and temperate forest zones of Eastern Europe. Even in Central Europe, the formation of the earliest regional Corded Ware identities was the result of local and regional social practices that resulted in the typical Corded Ware rite of passage."

[FOOTNOTEHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015-8] Haak et al. 2015.

[9] Kristiansen, Kristian (30 November 2011), "The Bronze Age expansion of Indo-European languages", Becoming European, Oxbow Books, pp. 165–182, doi:10.2307/j.ctvh1dq3m.18, retrieved 26 January 2022

[FOOTNOTENarasimhan2019-10] Narasimhan 2019.

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