Corticotropin-releasing hormone

CRH
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3EHU, 3EHT, 1GOE
Identifiers
Aliases	CRH, CRF, CRH1, corticotropin releasing hormone
External IDs	OMIM: 122560; MGI: 88496; HomoloGene: 599; GeneCards: CRH; OMA:CRH - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human)[1] Band 8q13.1 Start 66,176,376 bp[1] End 66,178,464 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse)[2] Band 3 A2|3 5.75 cM Start 19,747,565 bp[2] End 19,749,560 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in lateral nuclear group of thalamus placenta Brodmann area 46 prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 10 frontal pole cingulate gyrus anterior cingulate cortex orbitofrontal cortex dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Top expressed in medial vestibular nucleus olfactory tubercle central amygdaloid nucleus paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus lateral hypothalamus medial geniculate nucleus nucleus accumbens dorsal tegmental nucleus piriform cortex prefrontal cortex More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function hormone activity corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 binding protein binding neuropeptide hormone activity signaling receptor binding corticotropin-releasing hormone activity Cellular component cytoplasm perikaryon varicosity extracellular region neuronal cell body extracellular space Biological process response to cocaine response to immobilization stress positive regulation of cortisol secretion steroid metabolic process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion positive regulation of cell death associative learning ion homeostasis lung development diterpenoid metabolic process response to corticosterone female pregnancy negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion adrenal gland development synaptic transmission, dopaminergic negative regulation of cell death negative regulation of gene expression cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus positive regulation of corticosterone secretion response to estrogen locomotory exploration behavior regulation of NMDA receptor activity regulation of serotonin secretion positive regulation of calcium ion import glucocorticoid biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of digestive system process birth response to pain positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness positive regulation of cell population proliferation hypothalamus development learning or memory hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus response to ethanol inflammatory response negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep response to ether positive regulation of behavioral fear response signal transduction cellular response to cocaine long-term potentiation chemical synaptic transmission negative regulation of epinephrine secretion negative regulation of glucagon secretion G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling positive regulation of corticotropin secretion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1392 12918 Ensembl ENSG00000147571 ENSMUSG00000049796 UniProt P06850 Q8CIT0 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000756 NM_205769 RefSeq (protein) NP_000747 NP_991338 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 66.18 – 66.18 Mb Chr 3: 19.75 – 19.75 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticoliberin; corticotropin may also be spelled corticotrophin) is a peptide hormone involved in stress responses. It is a releasing hormone that belongs to corticotropin-releasing factor family. In humans, it is encoded by the CRH gene.^[5] Its main function is the stimulation of the pituitary synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), as part of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis).

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a 41-amino acid peptide derived from a 196-amino acid preprohormone. CRH is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to stress. Increased CRH production has been observed to be associated with Alzheimer's disease and major depression,^[6] and autosomal recessive hypothalamic corticotropin deficiency has multiple and potentially fatal metabolic consequences including hypoglycemia.^[5]

In addition to being produced in the hypothalamus, CRH is also synthesized in peripheral tissues, such as T lymphocytes, and is highly expressed in the placenta. In the placenta, CRH is a marker that determines the length of gestation and the timing of parturition and delivery. A rapid increase in circulating levels of CRH occurs at the onset of parturition, suggesting that, in addition to its metabolic functions, CRH may act as a trigger for parturition.^[5]

A recombinant version for diagnostics is called corticorelin (INN).