Crown of Zvonimir

The Crown of Zvonimir was bestowed on King Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia in 1075 by the papal legate of Pope Gregory VII at Basilica of Saint Peter and Moses (known today as the Hollow Church) at Salona.

It was the third crown of Croatian Kingdom, as in the coronation charter are mentioned two other golden crowns decorated with gems located at Benedictine monastery of St. Gregory in Vrana, first related to king Tomislav (925–928) and second to king Stephen Držislav (969–997).^[1]^[2]

Zvonimir ruled Croatia until 1089 after which the crown was possibly used in the coronation of his successor Stjepan II and by the numerous Hungarian monarchs after the unification of the Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Hungary in 1102 (but could have been used instead the previous Croatian crown as were crowned not at Salona yet Biograd na Moru near Vrana).^[2]^[3] The custom of separate coronation by Hungarian kings was ended by Béla IV of Hungary (1235).^[2] By some Croatian crown was crowned Ladislaus of Naples in 1403 at the Zadar Cathedral.^[2]

^ Budak, Neven (2018). Hrvatska povijest od 550. do 1100 [Croatian history from 550 until 1100]. Leykam international. p. 258. ISBN 978-953-340-061-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Radoš, Ivica (25 August 2015). "Kriju li zidovi Ozlja krunu Trpimirovića?" [Are the walls of Ozalj hiding the crown of Trpimirovićs?]. Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 5 September 2023.
^ Ančić, Mladen (2002). "Od kralja "poluboga" do prvih ideja o "nacionalnom kraljevstvu"" [From the "Demigod" King to the First Ideas About a "National Kingdom"]. Kolomanov put (katalog izložbe). Zagreb: Hrvatski povijesni muzej. pp. 68–71.

[1] Budak, Neven (2018). Hrvatska povijest od 550. do 1100 [Croatian history from 550 until 1100]. Leykam international. p. 258. ISBN 978-953-340-061-7.

[Rados-2] Radoš, Ivica (25 August 2015). "Kriju li zidovi Ozlja krunu Trpimirovića?" [Are the walls of Ozalj hiding the crown of Trpimirovićs?]. Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 5 September 2023.

[3] Ančić, Mladen (2002). "Od kralja "poluboga" do prvih ideja o "nacionalnom kraljevstvu"" [From the "Demigod" King to the First Ideas About a "National Kingdom"]. Kolomanov put (katalog izložbe). Zagreb: Hrvatski povijesni muzej. pp. 68–71.

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