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Culture of North Africa

Map of North Africa

The culture of North Africa encompasses the customs and traditions of art, architecture, music, literature, lifestyle, philosophy, food, politics and religion that have been practiced and maintained by the numerous ethnic groups of North Africa. North Africa encompasses the northern portion of Africa, including a large portion of the Sahara Desert. The region's commonly defined boundaries include Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Western Sahara, stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt's Red Sea coast in the east.[1] The United Nations' definition additionally includes Sudan in the region.[2] The inhabitants of North Africa are roughly divided in a manner corresponding to the principal geographic regions of North Africa: the Maghreb, the Nile valley, and the Sahel.

The countries of North Africa all have Modern Standard Arabic as their official language, and almost all their inhabitants follow Islam. The most spoken dialects are Maghrebi Arabic, a form of Classical Arabic dating back from the 8th century AD, and Egyptian Arabic. The largest and most numerous ethnic group in North Africa are the Arabs.[3] In Algeria and Morocco, Berbers are the second largest ethnic group after the Arab majority. Arabs constitute 70%[4] to 80%[5] of the population of Algeria, 92%[6]97%[7] of Libya, 67%[8] to 70%[9] of Morocco and 98%[10] of Tunisia's population. The Berbers comprise 20%[11] of Algeria, 10%[12] of Libya, 35%[13] of Morocco and 1%[14] of Tunisia's population.

The region is predominantly Muslim with a Jewish minority in Morocco and Tunisia,[15] and significant Christian minority—the Copts—in Egypt, Algeria,[16][17] Morocco,[18] Libya,[19] and Tunisia.[20] In 2001, the number of Christians in North Africa was estimated at 9 million, the majority of whom live in Egypt, with the remainder live in Maghreb countries.[21][22] North Africa formerly had a large Jewish population, almost all of whom emigrated to France or Israel when the North African nations gained independence. Prior to the modern establishment of Israel, there were about 600,000-700,000 Jews in Northern Africa, including both Sephardi Jews (refugees from France, Spain and Portugal from the Renaissance era) as well as indigenous Mizrahi Jews. Today, fewer than fifteen thousand remain in the region—almost all in Morocco and Tunisia—and are mostly part of a French speaking urban elite. (See Jewish exodus from Arab lands.)

North Africans share a large amount of their genetic, ethnic, cultural and linguistic identity and influence with the Middle East, a process that began with the Neolithic Revolution c. 10,000 BC and pre Dynastic Egypt. The countries of North Africa are also a major part of the Arab world. The Islamic influence in North Africa is significant, with the region being major part of the Muslim world. North Africa is associated with the Middle East in the realm of geopolitics to form the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region.[23]

  1. ^ "North Africa | History, Countries, Map, Population, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  2. ^ "UNSD — Methodology". United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on Jan 16, 2023.
  3. ^ Group, The Diagram (2013-11-26). Encyclopedia of African Peoples. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-96341-5.
  4. ^ The Report: Algeria 2007. Oxford Business Group. 2007. ISBN 978-1-902339-70-2. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  5. ^ Laaredj-Campbell, Anne (2015-12-10). Changing Female Literacy Practices in Algeria: Empirical Study on Cultural Construction of Gender and Empowerment. Springer. ISBN 978-3-658-11633-0. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  6. ^ Yakan, Mohamad (2017-11-30). Almanac of African Peoples and Nations. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-28930-6.
  7. ^ Malcolm, Peter; Losleben, Elizabeth (2004). Libya. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-7614-1702-6. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  8. ^ The Report: Morocco 2012. Oxford Business Group. 2012. ISBN 978-1-907065-54-5. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  9. ^ Son, George Philip &; Press, Oxford University (2002-12-26). Encyclopedic World Atlas. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-521920-3.
  10. ^ "Tunisia", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-12-02, archived from the original on 10 January 2021, retrieved 2022-12-12
  11. ^ Laaredj-Campbell, Anne (2015-12-10). Changing Female Literacy Practices in Algeria: Empirical Study on Cultural Construction of Gender and Empowerment. Springer. ISBN 978-3-658-11633-0. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  12. ^ Zurutuza, Karlos. "Berbers fear ethnic conflict". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  13. ^ Danver, Steven L. (2015-03-10). Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-46400-6. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  14. ^ "Q&A: The Berbers". 2004-03-12. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  15. ^ Rosenberg, Jerry M. (2009-09-28). The Rebirth of the Middle East. Hamilton Books. ISBN 978-0-7618-4846-2.
  16. ^ * (in French) Sadek Lekdja, Christianity in Kabylie, Radio France Internationale, 7 mai 2001 Archived 18 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ P S Rowe, Paul (2018). Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East. Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-317-23379-4.
  18. ^ "Refworld – Morocco: General situation of Muslims who converted to Christianity, and specifically those who converted to Catholicism; their treatment by Islamists and the authorities, including state protection (2008–2011)". Refworld.org.
  19. ^ Morgan, Jason; Falola, Toyin; Oyeniyi, Bukola Adeyemi (2012). Culture and Customs of Libya. ABC-CLIO. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-313-37860-7.
  20. ^ Fahlbusch, Erwin (2003). The Encyclopedia of Christianity: J-O. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2415-8.
  21. ^ Juang, Richard M.; Morrissette, Noelle (2008). Africa and the Americas [3 Volumes]: Culture, Politics, and History. UK: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 929–930. ISBN 978-0-521-88952-0.
  22. ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (2008). The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-19-976764-9.
  23. ^ Güney, Aylın; Gökcan, Fulya (February 2012). "The 'Greater Middle East' as a 'Modern' Geopolitical Imagination in American Foreign Policy". Geopolitics. 15: 22–38. doi:10.1080/14650040903420370.

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