Cyclothymia

Cyclothymia
Cyclothymia
Other names	Cyclothymic disorder, psychothemia, psychothymia, bipolar III, affective personality disorder, cyclothymic personality disorder
Specialty	Psychiatry, clinical psychology
Symptoms	Periods of depression and elevated mood
Complications	Risk of self-harm
Causes	Unknown
Risk factors	Family history
Differential diagnosis	Bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, substance misuse disorder
Treatment	Psychotherapy, medications
Frequency	0.4–1% at some point in life

Cyclothymia (/ˌsaɪkləˈθaɪmiə/, siy-kluh-THIY-mee-uh), also known as cyclothymic disorder, psychothemia / psychothymia,^[5] bipolar III,^[6] affective personality disorder^[7] and cyclothymic personality disorder,^[8] is a mental and behavioural disorder^[9] that involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of elevated mood.^[3] These symptoms, however, are not sufficient to indicate a major depressive episode or a manic episode.^[3] Symptoms must last for more than one year in children and two years in adults.^[3]

The cause of cyclothymia is unknown.^[2] Risk factors include a family history of bipolar disorder.^[3] Cyclothymia differs from bipolar disorder in the fact that major depression and mania are not found.^[3]

Treatment is generally achieved with counseling and mood stabilizers such as lithium.^[4] It is estimated that 0.4–1% of people have cyclothymia at some point in their life.^[3] The disorder's onset typically occurs in late childhood to early adulthood.^[3] Males and females are affected equally often.^[3]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Kouko was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b "Cyclothymia". nhs.uk. 2017-10-18. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 139–141, ISBN 978-0890425558
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Perugi2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Psychothymia", The Free Dictionary, retrieved 2022-06-04
^ Hoffman, Matthew; MD. "Bipolar Spectrum: Categories of Bipolar Disorder". WebMD. Retrieved 2022-06-04.
^ Van Meter, Anna R.; Youngstrom, Eric A.; Findling, Robert L. (2012-06-01). "Cyclothymic disorder: A critical review". Clinical Psychology Review. 32 (4): 229–243. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.001. ISSN 0272-7358. PMID 22459786.
^ Oldham, John M (2018-06-01). "DSM models of personality disorders". Current Opinion in Psychology. 21: 86–88. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.09.010. ISSN 2352-250X. PMID 29065382. S2CID 37467469.
^ Drs;Sartorius, Norman; Henderson, A.S.; Strotzka, H.; Lipowski, Z.; Yu-cun, Shen; You-xin, Xu; Strömgren, E.; Glatzel, J.; Kühne, G.-E.; Misès, R.; Soldatos, C.R.; Pull, C.B.; Giel, R.; Jegede, R.; Malt, U.; Nadzharov, R.A.; Smulevitch, A.B.; Hagberg, B.; Perris, C.; Scharfetter, C.; Clare, A.; Cooper, J.E.; Corbett, J.A.; Griffith Edwards, J.; Gelder, M.; Goldberg, D.; Gossop, M.; Graham, P.; Kendell, R.E.; Marks, I.; Russell, G.; Rutter, M.; Shepherd, M.; West, D.J.; Wing, J.; Wing, L.; Neki, J.S.; Benson, F.; Cantwell, D.; Guze, S.; Helzer, J.; Holzman, P.; Kleinman, A.; Kupfer, D.J.; Mezzich, J.; Spitzer, R.; Lokar, J. "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines" (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization. Microsoft Word. bluebook.doc. p. 106. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2004-10-17. Retrieved 23 June 2021 – via Microsoft Bing.

[Kouko-1] Cite error: The named reference Kouko was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[NHS2018-2] "Cyclothymia". nhs.uk. 2017-10-18. Retrieved 20 May 2018.

[DSM5-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 139–141, ISBN 978-0890425558

[Perugi2017-4] Cite error: The named reference Perugi2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] "Psychothymia", The Free Dictionary, retrieved 2022-06-04

[6] Hoffman, Matthew; MD. "Bipolar Spectrum: Categories of Bipolar Disorder". WebMD. Retrieved 2022-06-04.

[7] Van Meter, Anna R.; Youngstrom, Eric A.; Findling, Robert L. (2012-06-01). "Cyclothymic disorder: A critical review". Clinical Psychology Review. 32 (4): 229–243. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.001. ISSN 0272-7358. PMID 22459786.

[8] Oldham, John M (2018-06-01). "DSM models of personality disorders". Current Opinion in Psychology. 21: 86–88. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.09.010. ISSN 2352-250X. PMID 29065382. S2CID 37467469.

[9] Drs;Sartorius, Norman; Henderson, A.S.; Strotzka, H.; Lipowski, Z.; Yu-cun, Shen; You-xin, Xu; Strömgren, E.; Glatzel, J.; Kühne, G.-E.; Misès, R.; Soldatos, C.R.; Pull, C.B.; Giel, R.; Jegede, R.; Malt, U.; Nadzharov, R.A.; Smulevitch, A.B.; Hagberg, B.; Perris, C.; Scharfetter, C.; Clare, A.; Cooper, J.E.; Corbett, J.A.; Griffith Edwards, J.; Gelder, M.; Goldberg, D.; Gossop, M.; Graham, P.; Kendell, R.E.; Marks, I.; Russell, G.; Rutter, M.; Shepherd, M.; West, D.J.; Wing, J.; Wing, L.; Neki, J.S.; Benson, F.; Cantwell, D.; Guze, S.; Helzer, J.; Holzman, P.; Kleinman, A.; Kupfer, D.J.; Mezzich, J.; Spitzer, R.; Lokar, J. "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines" (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization. Microsoft Word. bluebook.doc. p. 106. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2004-10-17. Retrieved 23 June 2021 – via Microsoft Bing.

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