David II of Scotland

David II
A coin depicting David II
King of Scots
Reign	7 June 1329 – 22 February 1371
Coronation	24 November 1331
Predecessor	Robert I
Successor	Robert II
Regents	See list Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray (1329–1332) Donald, Earl of Mar (1332) Sir Andrew Murray (1332) Sir Archibald Douglas (1332–1333) Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward (1334–1335) John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray (1334–1335) Sir Andrew Murray (1335–1338) Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward (1338–1341, 1346–1357)
Born	5 March 1324 Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland
Died	22 February 1371 (aged 46) Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland
Burial	Holyrood Abbey
Spouses	Joan of England ​ ​ (m. 1328; died 1362)​ Margaret Drummond ​ ​ (m. 1364; div. 1370)​
House	Bruce
Father	Robert I of Scotland
Mother	Elizabeth de Burgh

David II (5 March 1324 – 22 February 1371) was King of Scotland from 1329 until his death in 1371. Upon the death of his father, Robert the Bruce, David succeeded to the throne at the age of five and was crowned at Scone in November 1331, becoming the first Scottish monarch to be anointed at his coronation. During his childhood, David was governed by a series of guardians, and Edward III of England sought to take advantage of David's minority by supporting an invasion of Scotland by Edward Balliol, beginning the Second War of Scottish Independence. Following the English victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333, King David, Queen Joan and the rump of his government were evacuated to France, where he remained in exile until it was safe for him to return to Scotland in 1341.

In 1346, David invaded England in support of France during the Hundred Years' War. His army was defeated at the Battle of Neville's Cross and he was captured and held as a prisoner in England for eleven years, while his nephew Robert Stewart governed Scotland. In 1357 the Treaty of Berwick brought the Second War of Independence to an end, the Scots agreed to pay a ransom of 100,000 merks, and David was allowed to return home. Heavy taxation was needed to pay for the ransom, which was to be paid in instalments, and David alienated his subjects by using the money for his own purposes. By 1363 it was found impossible to raise the remaining ransom, and David sought its cancellation by offering to bequeath the succession to the Scottish throne to Edward III or one of his sons. In 1364, the parliament of Scotland rejected David's proposal to make Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, the next king. Despising his nephew, David sought to prevent him succeeding to his throne by marrying his mistress Margaret Drummond and producing an alternative heir. When his second wife failed to do so, David unsuccessfully attempted to divorce her.

Although David spent long periods in exile or captivity, he managed to ensure the survival of his kingdom, reformed the machinery of government, and left the Scottish monarchy in a strong position. The last male of the House of Bruce, he died childless in 1371 after a reign of 41 years and was succeeded by his nephew Robert II.