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Debian

Debian
The official logo (also known as open use logo) contains the well-known Debian swirl and best represents the visual identity of the Debian Project
Screenshot of Debian 12 (Bookworm) with the GNOME desktop environment version 43.9
Debian 12 (Bookworm) running its default desktop environment, GNOME Version 43.9
DeveloperThe Debian Project
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseAugust 1993 (1993-08)[1]
Latest release12.10[2] / March 15, 2025 (2025-03-15)
Repositorysalsa.debian.org
Available in78 languages
Update method
Package managerAPT, dpkg
Platforms
Supported Architectures
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux kernel)
UserlandGNU
Default
user interface		GNOME[a]
LicenseDFSG-compatible licenses, plus proprietary firmware files
Official websitewww.debian.org Edit this at Wikidata

Debian (/ˈdɛbiən/)[7] is a free and open source[b] Linux distribution, developed by the Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock in August 1993. Debian is one of the oldest operating systems based on the Linux kernel, and is the basis of many other Linux distributions.

As of September 2023, Debian is the second-oldest Linux distribution still in active development: only Slackware is older. The project is coordinated over the Internet by a team of volunteers guided by the Debian Project Leader and three foundational documents: the Debian Social Contract, the Debian Constitution, and the Debian Free Software Guidelines.

In general, Debian has been developed openly and distributed freely according to some of the principles of the GNU Project and Free Software.[8][10] Because of this, the Free Software Foundation sponsored the project from November 1994 to November 1995.[11] However, Debian is no longer endorsed by GNU and the FSF because of the distribution's long-term practice of hosting non-free software repositories and, since 2022, its inclusion of non-free firmware in its installation media by default.[8][9] On June 16, 1997, the Debian Project founded the nonprofit organization Software in the Public Interest to continue financing its development.

  1. ^ "Chapter 4. A Detailed History". Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  2. ^ "Updated Debian 12: 12.10 released". debian.org. Archived from the original on March 15, 2025. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
  3. ^ "Debian -- Ports". Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  4. ^ "Dropping mips architecture for bullseye and sid". August 20, 2019.
  5. ^ "mipsel removed from unstable/experimental". September 2, 2023.
  6. ^ "RISC-V - Debian Wiki". Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
  7. ^ "Debian -- About". Debian. Archived from the original on January 17, 1999. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  8. ^ a b c "Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems". GNU. Archived from the original on November 2, 2023.
  9. ^ a b "General Resolution: non-free firmware: results". Archived from the original on November 2, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  10. ^ "Debian Social Contract". Debian. October 1, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2024.
  11. ^ "A Brief History of Debian". Archived from the original on November 3, 2023.


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