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DeepSeek

This article is about the company. For the chatbot, see DeepSeek (chatbot).

Hangzhou DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence Basic Technology Research Co., Ltd.
Native name
杭州深度求索人工智能基础技术研究有限公司
Company typePrivate
IndustryInformation technology
Artificial intelligence
Founded17 July 2023 (2023-07-17)[1]
Founder
HeadquartersHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Key people
  • Liang Wenfeng (CEO)
OwnerHigh-Flyer
Number of employees
160 (2025)[2]
Websitedeepseek.com

Hangzhou DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence Basic Technology Research Co., Ltd.,[3][4][5][a] doing business as DeepSeek,[b] is a Chinese artificial intelligence company that develops large language models (LLMs). Based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, it is owned and funded by the Chinese hedge fund High-Flyer. DeepSeek was founded in July 2023 by Liang Wenfeng, the co-founder of High-Flyer, who also serves as the CEO for both companies.[7][8][9] The company launched an eponymous chatbot alongside its DeepSeek-R1 model in January 2025.

Released under the MIT License, DeepSeek-R1 provides responses comparable to other contemporary large language models, such as OpenAI's GPT-4 and o1.[10] Its training cost was reported to be significantly lower than other LLMs. The company claims that it trained its V3 model for US$6 million—far less than the US$100 million cost for OpenAI's GPT-4 in 2023[11]—and using approximately one-tenth the computing power consumed by Meta's comparable model, Llama 3.1.[11][12][13][14] DeepSeek's success against larger and more established rivals has been described as "upending AI".[15][16]

DeepSeek's models are described as "open weight," meaning the exact parameters are openly shared, although certain usage conditions differ from typical open-source software.[17][18] The company reportedly recruits AI researchers from top Chinese universities[15] and also hires from outside traditional computer science fields to broaden its models' knowledge and capabilities.[12]

DeepSeek significantly reduced training expenses for their R1 model by incorporating techniques such as mixture of experts (MoE) layers.[19] The company also trained its models during ongoing trade restrictions on AI chip exports to China, using weaker AI chips intended for export and employing fewer units overall.[13][20] Observers say this breakthrough sent "shock waves" through the industry, threatening established AI hardware leaders such as Nvidia; Nvidia's share price dropped sharply, losing US$600 billion in market value, the largest single-company decline in U.S. stock market history.[21][22]

  1. ^ "DeepSeek突传消息". Sina Corp. 1 February 2025. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  2. ^ Wu, Zijing (14 March 2025). "DeepSeek focuses on research over revenue in contrast to Silicon Valley". Financial Times. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  3. ^ "Hangzhou DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence Basic Technology Research Co., Ltd". Bloomberg L.P.
  4. ^ "DeepSeek Coder Model Service Agreement" (PDF), DeepSeek, 19 October 2023
  5. ^ "DeepSeek Coder Privacy Policy" (PDF). DeepSeek. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  6. ^ "全国互联网安全管理平台". beian.mps.gov.cn. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  7. ^ "Beijing puts spotlight on China's new face of AI, DeepSeek's Liang Wenfeng". South China Morning Post. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  8. ^ Baptista, Eduardo (28 January 2025). "Who is Liang Wenfeng, the founder of DeepSeek?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 February 2025. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  9. ^ "Behind DeepSeek lies a dazzling Chinese university". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 24 February 2025. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  10. ^ Gibney, Elizabeth (23 January 2025). "China's cheap, open AI model DeepSeek thrills scientists". Nature. 638 (8049): 13–14. Bibcode:2025Natur.638...13G. doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00229-6. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 39849139.
  11. ^ a b Vincent, James (28 January 2025). "The DeepSeek panic reveals an AI world ready to blow". The Guardian.
  12. ^ a b Metz, Cade; Tobin, Meaghan (23 January 2025). "How Chinese A.I. Start-Up DeepSeek Is Competing With Silicon Valley Giants". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
  13. ^ a b Cosgrove, Emma (27 January 2025). "DeepSeek's cheaper models and weaker chips call into question trillions in AI infrastructure spending". Business Insider.
  14. ^ Erdil, Ege (17 January 2025). "How has DeepSeek improved the Transformer architecture?". Epoch AI. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
  15. ^ a b Metz, Cade (27 January 2025). "What is DeepSeek? And How Is It Upending A.I.?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
  16. ^ Roose, Kevin (28 January 2025). "Why DeepSeek Could Change What Silicon Valley Believes About A.I." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  17. ^ Delbert, Caroline (31 January 2025). "DeepSeek Is Cracking the 'Black Box' of Corporate AI Wide Open". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
  18. ^ Gibney, Elizabeth (23 January 2025). "China's cheap, open AI model DeepSeek thrills scientists". Nature. 638 (8049): 13–14. Bibcode:2025Natur.638...13G. doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00229-6. PMID 39849139. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
  19. ^ Metz, Cade (12 February 2025). "How Did DeepSeek Build Its A.I. With Less Money?". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 March 2025.
  20. ^ Allen, Gregory C. (7 March 2025). "DeepSeek, Huawei, Export Controls, and the Future of the U.S.-China AI Race". Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  21. ^ Saah, Jasper (13 February 2025). "DeepSeek sends shock waves across Silicon Valley". Liberation News – The Newspaper of the Party for Socialism and Liberation. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
  22. ^ Sillars, James (28 January 2025). "DeepSeek: Tech firm suffers biggest drop in US stock market history as low-cost Chinese AI company bites Silicon Valley". Sky News. Retrieved 13 February 2025.


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