Deep state

Deep state^[1] are potential, unauthorized and possibly even secret networks of power operating independently of a state's political leadership in pursuit of their own agendas and goals.

Although the term originated in Turkey,^[2][3] various nations have developed their own interpretations of the concept. In some contexts, "deep state" is used to refer to shadowy conspiracies, while in others it describes concerns about the enduring influence of military, intelligence, and bureaucratic institutions on democratic governance. In many cases, the perception of a deep state is shaped by historical events, political struggles, and the balance of power within government institutions.

The use of the term has expanded beyond political science into popular culture, journalism and conspiracy theories, reflecting a broad range of beliefs about hidden networks of power operating behind the scenes. Particularly after the 2016 United States presidential election, deep state became much more widely used as a pejorative term with an overwhelmingly negative connotation to describe a conspiracy theory promoted by both the Donald Trump administration and conservative-leaning media outlets.^[4][5]