Deep web

The deep web,^[1] invisible web,^[2] or hidden web^[3] are parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are not indexed by standard web search-engine programs. This is in contrast to the "surface web", which is accessible to anyone using the Internet.^[4] Computer scientist Michael K. Bergman is credited with inventing the term in 2001 as a search-indexing term.^[5]

Deep web sites can be accessed by a direct URL or IP address, but may require entering a password or other security information to access actual content.^[6]^[7] Uses of deep web sites include web mail, online banking, cloud storage, restricted-access social-media pages and profiles, and web forums that require registration for viewing content. It also includes paywalled services such as video on demand and some online magazines and newspapers.

^ Hamilton, Nigel (2019–2020). "The Mechanics of a Deep Net Metasearch Engine". In Isaías, Pedro; Palma dos Reis, António (eds.). Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference on e-Society. pp. 1034–6. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.90.5847. ISBN 978-972-98947-0-1.
^ Devine, Jane; Egger-Sider, Francine (August 2021). "Beyond google: the invisible web in the academic library". The Journal of Academic Librarianship. 30 (4): 265–269. doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2004.04.010.
^ Raghavan, Sriram; Garcia-Molina, Hector (September 11–14, 2001). "Crawling the Hidden Web". 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases.
^ "Surface Web". Computer Hope. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
^ Wright, Alex (February 22, 2009). "Exploring a 'Deep Web' That Google Can't Grasp". The New York Times. Retrieved September 2, 2019. [...] Mike Bergman, a computer scientist and consultant who is credited with coining the term Deep Web.
^ Madhavan, J., Ko, D., Kot, Ł., Ganapathy, V., Rasmussen, A., & Halevy, A. (2008). Google's deep web crawl. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 1(2), 1241–52.
^ Shedden, Sam (June 8, 2014). "How Do You Want Me to Do It? Does It Have to Look like an Accident? – an Assassin Selling a Hit on the Net; Revealed Inside the Deep Web". Sunday Mail. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020.

[1] Hamilton, Nigel (2019–2020). "The Mechanics of a Deep Net Metasearch Engine". In Isaías, Pedro; Palma dos Reis, António (eds.). Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference on e-Society. pp. 1034–6. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.90.5847. ISBN 978-972-98947-0-1.

[2] Devine, Jane; Egger-Sider, Francine (August 2021). "Beyond google: the invisible web in the academic library". The Journal of Academic Librarianship. 30 (4): 265–269. doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2004.04.010.

[cthw-3] Raghavan, Sriram; Garcia-Molina, Hector (September 11–14, 2001). "Crawling the Hidden Web". 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases.

[4] "Surface Web". Computer Hope. Retrieved June 20, 2018.

[5] Wright, Alex (February 22, 2009). "Exploring a 'Deep Web' That Google Can't Grasp". The New York Times. Retrieved September 2, 2019. [...] Mike Bergman, a computer scientist and consultant who is credited with coining the term Deep Web.

[6] Madhavan, J., Ko, D., Kot, Ł., Ganapathy, V., Rasmussen, A., & Halevy, A. (2008). Google's deep web crawl. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 1(2), 1241–52.

[7] Shedden, Sam (June 8, 2014). "How Do You Want Me to Do It? Does It Have to Look like an Accident? – an Assassin Selling a Hit on the Net; Revealed Inside the Deep Web". Sunday Mail. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020.

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