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Degrowth is an academic and social movement critical of the hegemony of economic growth perpetuated by capitalism, and calls for an equitable and democratically-led downscaling of production and consumption in industrialised countries as a means to achieve environmental sustainability, social justice and well-being.[1][2][3] Degrowth theory is based on ideas and research from a multitude of disciplines such as economics, economic anthropology, ecological economics, environmental sciences, and development studies. It argues that the unitary focus of modern capitalism on growth, in terms of the monetary value of aggregate goods and services, causes widespread ecological damage and is not necessary for the further increase of human living standards.[4][5][6] Degrowth theory has been met with both academic acclaim and considerable criticism.[7][8][9]
Degrowth theory's main argument is that an infinite expansion of the economy is fundamentally contradictory to the finiteness of material resources on Earth. It argues that economic growth measured by GDP should be abandoned as a policy objective. Policy should instead focus on economic and social metrics such as life expectancy, health, education, housing, and ecologically sustainable work as indicators of both eco-systems and human well-being.[10] Degrowth theorists posit that this may increase human living standards and ecological preservation, even while GDP slows down or decreases.[11][12][3]
Degrowth theory is highly critical of free market capitalism, and it highlights the importance of extensive public services, care work, self-organization, commons, relational goods, community, and work sharing.[13][14]
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kallis2015was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Schneider, François; Kallis, Giorgos; Martinez-Alier, Joan (2010). "Crisis or opportunity? Economic degrowth for social equity and ecological sustainability. Introduction to this special issue". Journal of Cleaner Production. Growth, Recession or Degrowth for Sustainability and Equity?. 18 (6): 511–518. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.01.014. ISSN 0959-6526.
- ^ a b Demaria, Federico; Schneider, François; Sekulova, Filka; Martinez-Alier, Joan (2013). "What is Degrowth? From an Activist Slogan to a Social Movement". Environmental Values. 22 (2): 191–215. doi:10.3197/096327113X13581561725194. ISSN 0963-2719. JSTOR 23460978. S2CID 55888884.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
gd01was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Hickel, Jason; Kallis, Giorgos; Jackson, Tim; O’Neill, Daniel W.; Schor, Juliet B.; Steinberger, Julia K.; Victor, Peter A.; Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana (December 2022). "Degrowth can work — here's how science can help". Nature. 612 (7940): 400–403. Bibcode:2022Natur.612..400H. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-04412-x. PMID 36510013. S2CID 254614532.
- ^ "Degrowth - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ^ "Degrowth: what's behind this economic theory and why it matters today". World Economic Forum. 2022-06-15. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ^ Horowitz, Julia (2022-11-13). "Degrowth: A dangerous idea or the answer to the world's biggest crisis? | CNN Business". CNN. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ^ Bokat-Lindell, Spencer (2021-09-16). "Opinion | Do We Need to Shrink the Economy to Stop Climate Change?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ^ Nelson, Anitra (2024-01-31). "Degrowth as a Concept and Practice: Introduction". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
- ^ Hickel, Jason (2022). Less is more (1 ed.). London: Penguin Books. pp. 170–179. ISBN 9781786091215.
- ^ Akbulut, Bengi (2021). "Degrowth, Rethinking Marxism". Rethinking Marxism. 33 (1): 98–110. doi:10.1080/08935696.2020.1847014. S2CID 232116190. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ Demaria, Federico; Kothari, Ashish; Salleh, Ariel; Escobar, Arturo; Acosta, Alberto (2019). Pluriverse. A Post-Development Dictionary. New Delhi: Tulika Books. ISBN 9788193732984.
- ^ "What is degrowth?". degrowth.info. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
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