Demographic history of Peru

Demographics of Peru
Population	32,971,854
Density	26.06[1]
Growth rate	1.42%
Birth rate	574,987
Death rate	185,606
Life expectancy	76.95 years
• male	74.29 years[2]
• female	79.71 years[2]
Fertility rate	2.21
Net migration rate	3.12 per thousand[3]
Nationality
Nationality	Peruvian
Major ethnic	Spaniards, Amerindians
Minor ethnic	Chinese Peruvians, Japanese Peruvians
Language
Official	Spanish
Spoken	Aymara, Quechua

Part of a series on the
History of Peru
By chronology Pre-Columbian Peru Ancient civilizations Inca Empire Spanish conquest Viceroyalty Independence Foundational Period Protectorate of Peru Supreme Governing Junta Peru–Bolivian Confederation Restoration Military Anarchy Guano Era Chincha Islands War War of the Pacific Occupation of Peru Occupation of Lima Peruvian Resistance National Reconstruction Aristocratic Republic Ecuadorian–Peruvian War Revolutionary Government Internal conflict Peruvian political crisis
By political entity History of the Inca Empire History of the Viceroyalty of Peru History of the Republic of Peru
By topic Demographic history Economic history Constitutional history Peruvian wars
See also Timeline Years in Peru
Peru portal
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The demographic history of Peru shows the structure of the population in different historical periods. Peru's population drastically increased in the 1900s, with a diverse range of ethnic divisions living in the country. Lima is its capital city situated along the Pacific Ocean coast, where most of its population lives, and its population size is around 9.75 million.^[4] Major cities are located near the coastal areas of Peru. In terms of population and area size, it is the fourth and third largest country in South America,^[5] a place where the ancestral transcends and all forms of art combine. Peru became an independent country on July 28, 1821. However, Peru did not have a proper national census until 1876, more than a half-century after independence.^[6] They took the data before the federal census through different mediums but not on a national level. The significant migration in Peru consisted of Indigenous people, Europeans, enslaved Africans, and Asians; Spaniards were the first European who came to Peru, arrived in 1531, and discovered the Inca culture.^[7] The Incas established pre-Columbian America's greatest and most advanced kingdom and monarchy.^[8] However, native Americans were still in a larger proportion to total population.

Peru is a multi-cultural country with a diverse range of ethnic, religious, and languages divisions among people. The blending and diversity of cultural traditions has resulted in a vast range of artistic, culinary, literary, and musical expressions throughout the Peru. Culturally, Peru is known as one of the oldest civilizations in America. Francisco Pizarro and his conquerors came in Peru, and were known as the Chachapoya who then lived in tropical Andean cloud forests.^[9] Roman Catholicism is Peru's most widespread affiliated religion.^[10] However, other religions, such as Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and a trend of being irreligion are also common, especially among young people.

Peruvian history is often divided into pre-Columbian and post-Columbian eras.