Back التركيبة السكانية في الصين Arabic Demografía de la República Popular China AST Çin əhalisi Azerbaijani Насельніцтва Кітаю BE-X-OLD Население на Китай Bulgarian Obyvatelstvo Číny Czech Kinas demografi Danish Demografie der Volksrepublik China German Δημογραφία της Κίνας Greek Demografio de Ĉinio Esperanto
| Demographics of China | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of China in November 2020 | |
| Population |  1,408,280,000 (31 December 2024)[1] |
| Growth rate | −0.15% (2023 est.) (159th) |
| Birth rate |  6.77 births per 1,000 (2024 est.) [2] |
| Death rate | 7.87 deaths per 1,000 (2023 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 78.6 years (2022) |
| • male | 76.0 years (2022) |
| • female | 81.3 years (2022) |
| Fertility rate | 1.20 children per woman (2024 est.)[3] |
| Infant mortality rate | 6.76 deaths per 1000 live births (2022)[4] |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 16.48% (male 124,166,174/female 108,729,429) |
| 15–64 years | 69.4% (male 504,637,819/female 476,146,909) |
| 65 and over | 14.11% (male 92,426,805/female 107,035,710) (2023 est.)[5] |
| Sex ratio | |
| At birth | 1.11 male to female (2020 est.) |
| 65 and over | 0.90 male to female (2020 est.) |
| Nationality | |
| Major ethnic |  Han Chinese (91.11%)[6] |
| Minor ethnic | |
| Language | |
| Official | Standard Chinese |
| Spoken | Various; See Languages of China |
The People's Republic of China is the second most-populous country in the world with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, only surpassed by India. Historically, China has always been one of the nation-states with the most population. Experts say China will shrink to half of its population from 1.4 billion in present-day to just 872 million by the late 21st century.
China has an enormous population with a relatively small youth component, partially a result of China's one-child policy that was implemented from 1979 until 2015, which limited urban families to one offspring and rural families to two. As of 2022[update], Chinese state media reported the country's total fertility rate to be 1.09.[7]
China was the world's most populous country from at least 1950[8] until being surpassed by India in 2023.[9][10]
By one estimate, in 2024 China's population stood at about 1.408 billion, down from the 1.412 billion recorded in the 2020 census.[11] According to the 2020 census, 91.11% of the population was Han Chinese, and 8.89% were minorities. China's population growth rate is -0.10%.[12][13] China conducted its sixth national population census in 2010,[14][15] and its seventh census was completed in late 2020, with data released in May 2021.[16]
China faces the challenge of an aging population due to increased life expectancy and declining birth rates.[17] This demographic shift has implications for social services and the labor force.[17]
- ^ "National Economy – 10.Total Population Went down and Urbanization Rate Continued to Grow (31 December 2024)". www.stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC). 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
- ^ "China's newborns rise in 2024, first time in years".
- ^ "World Population Dashboard". United Nations Population Fund.
- ^ "Country Comparisons - Infant mortality rate". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 5 May 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "China". 2 August 2023. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ "Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census". Stats.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- ^ "China's fertility rate drops to record low 1.09 in 2022- state media". Reuters. 15 August 2023. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ Mackintosh, Manveena Suri,Diksha Madhok,Eliza (19 April 2023). "India will surpass China as world's most populous country by mid-year, UN says". CNN. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Most populous nation: Should India rejoice or panic?". BBC News. 1 May 2023. Archived from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "India to overtake China as world's most populous country in April 2023, United Nations projects". United Nations. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
- ^ Master, Farah (17 January 2024). "China's population drops for 2nd year, raises long-term growth concerns". Reuters. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "China's population falls for a third consecutive year". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 February 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
- ^ "National Data". data.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
- ^ "Tough road ahead for China census". Straitstimes.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
- ^ "Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census (No. 1)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 28 April 2011. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ Wee, Sui-Lee (11 May 2021). "China's 'Long-Term Time Bomb': Falling Births Drive Slow Population Growth". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ a b Stevenson, Alexandra; Wang, Zixu (17 January 2025). "China's Population Declines for 3rd Straight Year". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
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