Demographics of Jamaica

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Demographics of Jamaica
Population pyramid of Jamaica in 2020
Population	2,818,596 (2022)
Growth rate	0.08% (2022 est.)
Birth rate	12.0 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Death rate	8.8 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Life expectancy	75.75 years
• male	73.98 years
• female	77.6 years
Fertility rate	1.40 children
Infant mortality rate	11.17 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate	−7.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Nationality
Nationality	Jamaican
Major ethnic	Afro-Jamaicans (76.3%) (2023)[1]
Minor ethnic	15.1% Afro-European[or Browning Class], 3.4% East Indian and Afro-East Indian, 3.2% Caucasian, 1.2% Chinese and 0.8% Other[2]
Language
Official	English
Spoken	English, Jamaican Patois, Mandarin, Hakka, Cantonese

Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean. The country had a population of 2,825,352 in 2023, the fourth largest in the region.

Jamaica's annual population growth rate stood at 0.08% in 2022. As of 2023, Jamaicans of African descent represent 92.1% of the population, followed by 6.1% Afro-European or Brown, 0.8% East Indian and Afro-East Indian, >0.8 % Caucasian, 0.4% Chinese and 0.2% other.^[4] 68.9% of Jamaicans were Christians in 2011, predominantly Protestant.

A more precise study conducted by the local University of the West Indies - Jamaica's population is more accurately 76.3% African descent or Black, 15.1% Afro-European ( or locally called the Brown Man or Browning Class) , 3.4% East Indian and Afro-East Indian, 3.2% Caucasian, 1.2% Chinese and 0.8% Other.^[5]

Wealth or Economic Power in Jamaica is disproportionately held by the White Jamaicans, Chinese Jamaicans and the Afro-European ( or locally called the Brown Man or Browning Class) - i.e. despite being a minority group(s) (less than 25% of the country's population) controls most of the country's wealth.