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Depression and immune function

Major depression is often associated or correlated with immune function dysregulation,[1][2][3][4][5][6] and the two are thought to share similar physiological pathways and risk factors.[1][7] Primarily seen through increased inflammation, this relationship is bidirectional with depression often resulting in increased immune response and illness resulting in prolonged sadness and lack of activity.[2][8] This association is seen both long-term and short-term, with the presence of one often being accompanied by the other and both inflammation and depression often being co-morbid with other conditions.[9][10][11][12]

Explanations for this relationship have come from both medical and evolutionary approaches, with disagreements stemming primarily about whether the connection is functional and why depression and inflammation share similar physiological pathways.[13][14][15]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  4. ^ Raison CL, Lowry CA, Rook GA (December 2010). "Inflammation, sanitation, and consternation: loss of contact with coevolved, tolerogenic microorganisms and the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression". Archives of General Psychiatry. 67 (12): 1211–1224. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.161. PMC 3724429. PMID 21135322.
  5. ^ Drevets WC, Wittenberg GM, Bullmore ET, Manji HK (March 2022). "Immune targets for therapeutic development in depression: towards precision medicine". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 21 (3): 224–244. doi:10.1038/s41573-021-00368-1. PMC 8763135. PMID 35039676.
  6. ^ Lee CH, Giuliani F (2019). "The Role of Inflammation in Depression and Fatigue". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1696. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01696. PMC 6658985. PMID 31379879.
  7. ^ Fleshner M, Frank M, Maier SF (January 2017). "Danger Signals and Inflammasomes: Stress-Evoked Sterile Inflammation in Mood Disorders". Neuropsychopharmacology. 42 (1): 36–45. doi:10.1038/npp.2016.125. PMC 5143484. PMID 27412959.
  8. ^ Kohler O, Krogh J, Mors O, Benros ME (2016-08-26). "Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment". Current Neuropharmacology. 14 (7): 732–742. doi:10.2174/1570159X14666151208113700. PMC 5050394. PMID 27640518.
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  12. ^ Miller GE, Chen E (June 2010). "Harsh family climate in early life presages the emergence of a proinflammatory phenotype in adolescence". Psychological Science. 21 (6): 848–856. doi:10.1177/0956797610370161. PMC 3207635. PMID 20431047.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference :13 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  15. ^ Raison CL, Miller AH (January 2013). "The evolutionary significance of depression in Pathogen Host Defense (PATHOS-D)". Molecular Psychiatry. 18 (1): 15–37. doi:10.1038/mp.2012.2. PMC 3532038. PMID 22290120.

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