Djemal Pasha

Ahmed Cemâl Pasha
Minister of Public Works of the Ottoman Empire
In office 17 December 1913 – 10 March 1914
Monarch	Mehmed V
Grand Vizier	Mehmed Said Halim Pasha
Preceded by	Osman Nizami Pasha
Succeeded by	Çürüksulu Mahmud Pasha
Minister of the Navy of the Ottoman Empire
In office 10 March 1914 – 14 October 1918
Monarchs	Mehmed V Mehmed VI
Grand Vizier	Mehmed Said Halim Pasha Mehmed Talaat Pasha
Preceded by	Çürüksulu Mahmud Pasha
Succeeded by	Hüseyin Rauf Pasha
Personal details
Born	(1872-05-06)6 May 1872 Midilli, Vilayet of the Archipelago, Ottoman Empire
Died	21 July 1922(1922-07-21) (aged 50) Tbilisi, Georgian SSR
Relations	Hasan Cemal (grandson)
Children	5
Military service
Allegiance	Ottoman Empire  Emirate of Afghanistan (1920–1922)
Years of service	1893–1918
Rank	General
Commands	Fourth Army
Battles/wars	Macedonian Struggle 31 March Incident Balkan Wars World War I Sinai and Palestine Campaign Suez Canal Megiddo Mesopotamia Campaign

Ahmed Djemal (Ottoman Turkish: احمد جمال پاشا, romanized: Ahmed Cemâl Paşa; Turkish: Ahmet Cemal Paşa; 6 May 1872 – 21 July 1922), also known as Djemal Pasha or Cemâl Pasha, was an Ottoman military leader and one of the Three Pashas that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

As an officer of the II Corps, he was stationed in Salonica where he developed political sympathies for the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) reformers. He was initially praised by Christian missionaries and provided support to the Armenian victims of the Adana massacres.

In the course of his army career Cemal developed a rivalry with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, served in Salonica on the frontlines of the Balkan Wars and was given the martial law command of Constantinople after the Raid on the Sublime Porte. Cemal's authoritarian three year rule in Syria alienated the local population who opposed Turkish nationalism. His role in the Armenian genocide has been controversial as his policies were not as deadly as other CUP leaders; Cemal favored the forced assimilation of Armenians.