Draft:Adsorption operations

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Adsorption operations are a surface-based separation process where molecules or ions (adsorbate) accumulate on the surface of a solid material (adsorbent).^[1] The typical adsorption operation consists of the following stages: contacting (loading the solute onto the adsorptive resin), washing (to remove residual unabsorbed material), desorption (or elution) of adsorbate with a suitable solvent, washing again to remove residual eluant, and regeneration of the adsorption resin to its original condition.^[2] Because adsorbate is bound to the resin by physical or ionic forces, the conditions used for desorption must overcome these forces.^[2][3]

Desorption is normally accomplished by feeding a stream of different ionic strength or pH; elution with organic solvent or reaction of the sorbed material may be necessary in some applications.^[2] Eluant containing stripped solute in concentrated form is processed to recover the adsorbate; operations for final purification include spray drying, precipitation, and crystallization.^[3]