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The Grammar Translation Method of Teaching
The Grammar Translation method is one of the oldest methods of teaching foreign languages over the centuries. It was mainly applied for teaching classical languages, Greek and Latin. Therefore, it is called the classical method. Grammar Translation includes objectives that teachers seek to achieve during their language teaching. It also comprises principles upon which this method is founded. Piantaggini (2020) has defined GTM as “a procedural plan for presenting and teaching language.”
Definitions of GTM
1. “A foreign language teaching method derived from the classical method of teaching Greek and Latin. It focuses on translating grammar forms, memorizing vocabulary lists, and practicing rules.”
Richards and Rodgers (1986)
2. “A traditional way of teaching a foreign language, in which the study of grammar is very important and very little teaching is in the foreign language.”
Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries
3. “A grammar- focused method of teaching and learning a second language through translation and vocabulary memorization. It aims to develop students’ abilities of reading foreign language literature and writing in the target language.”
Alshibani and Salem (2023)
Objectives
The use of GTM in the classroom is mainly to achieve the following objectives:
The Principles of GTM
The Role of the GTM Teacher.
The teacher is the authority in a classroom adopting the Grammar Translation Method. Teachers mainly work as transmitters of information. Also, they are in charge of controlling all the activities inside the class. There are several roles that a teacher can play in GTM class, such as an organizer, an assessor, and a resource for information.
The Role of the students in GTM classroom.
The role of students is very traditional. They work as receivers of knowledge that is provided by the teacher.
The Nature of Interaction inside the GTM classroom.
In the Grammar Translation Method classroom, the type of interaction is:
The view of language, language learning and culture according to GTM
Evaluation Process
The evaluation process of the GTM class is based on different written tests performed by the students. One of the main tasks is translating texts written in the target language into the source language or vice versa. Another evaluation tool is to apply the grammar rules to write sentences or different types of questions, such as fill-in the gaps question. In addition, quizzes and tests to examine students’ general knowledge about the target language culture are also performed.
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