Draft:Nonlinear electrodynamics

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Submission declined on 31 March 2025 by Sophisticatedevening (talk). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified. If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners and Citing sources. If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help from experienced editors. Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted. Where to get help If you need help editing or submitting your draft, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help from experienced editors. These venues are only for help with editing and the submission process, not to get reviews. If you need feedback on your draft, or if the review is taking a lot of time, you can try asking for help on the talk page of a relevant WikiProject. Some WikiProjects are more active than others so a speedy reply is not guaranteed. How to improve a draft Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia – a basic overview on how to edit Wikipedia. Help:Wikitext – how to use the markup Help:Referencing for beginners – how to include references Wikipedia:Article development – how to develop your article Wikipedia:Writing better articles – how to improve your article Wikipedia:Verifiability – make sure your article includes reliable third-party sources You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Add tags to your draft Editor resources Easy tools: Citation bot (help) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs Declined by Sophisticatedevening 48 days ago. Last edited 0 seconds ago. Reviewer: Inform author. This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review.

• Comment: Would like to see better sourcing for this, only two research papers given. Sophisticatedevening🍷^(talk) 13:43, 31 March 2025 (UTC)

In high-energy physics, nonlinear electrodynamics (NED or NLED) refers to a family of generalizations of Maxwell electrodynamics which describe electromagnetic fields that exhibit nonlinear dynamics.^[1] For a theory to describe the electromagnetic field (a U(1) gauge field), its action must be gauge invariant; in the case of ${\displaystyle U(1)}$, for the theory to not have Faddeev-Popov ghosts, this constraint dictates that the Lagrangian of a nonlinear electrodynamics must be a function of only ${\displaystyle s\equiv -{\frac {1}{4}}F_{\alpha \beta }F^{\alpha \beta }}$ (the Maxwell Lagrangian) and ${\displaystyle p\equiv -{\frac {1}{8}}\epsilon ^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta }F_{\alpha \beta }F_{\gamma \delta }}$ (where ${\displaystyle \epsilon }$ is the Levi-Civita tensor).^[1][2][3] Notable NED models include the Born-Infeld model,^[4] the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian,^[5] and the CP-violating ${\displaystyle U(1)}$ Chern-Simons theory ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}=s+\theta p}$.^[2][6][7]