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Dubai

This article is about the city. For the emirate, see Emirate of Dubai. For other uses, see Dubai (disambiguation).

Dubai
دبي
Metropolis
Dubai's skyline
Dubai Creek
Burj Khalifa and Downtown
Dubai Marina
Palm Jumeirah and The World Islands
Burj Al Arab
Sheikh Zayed Road
Official seal of Dubai
Seal
Official logo of Dubai
Wordmark
Nickname(s): 
DXB, The Pearl of the Persian Gulf,[1] The Venice of the Persian Gulf,[2] The City of the World,[3] The City of Gold[4]
Dubai is located in United Arab Emirates
Dubai
Dubai
Location within the United Arab Emirates
Dubai is located in Persian Gulf
Dubai
Dubai
Dubai (Persian Gulf)
Dubai is located in Middle East
Dubai
Dubai
Dubai (Middle East)
Dubai is located in Asia
Dubai
Dubai
Dubai (Asia)
Coordinates: 25°15′47″N 55°17′50″E / 25.26306°N 55.29722°E / 25.26306; 55.29722
Country United Arab Emirates
Emirate Dubai
First settled1822
Founded byObeid bin Said & Maktoum bin Butti Al Maktoum
Government
 • TypeAbsolute monarchy
 • BodyDubai Executive Council
 • Director General of Dubai MunicipalityDawoud Al Hajri
 • Ruler of DubaiMohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Area
[5]
 • Metropolis
35 km2 (14 sq mi)
 • Metro
1,994 km2 (770 sq mi)
Population
 (2024)[6]
 • Metropolis
3,790,000
 • Density110,000/km2 (280,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
[7]
6,176,155 (DSA)
DemonymDubaian
GDP
[8]
 • MetropolisUS$ 134.6 billion (2023)
 • MetroUS$ 202.8 billion (2023)
Time zoneUTC+04:00 (UAE Standard Time)
Websitedm.gov.ae

Dubai[a] (/duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BYE; Modern Standard Arabic: دُبَيّ; Emirati Arabic: دِبَيّ, romanized: /diˈbej/ di-BAY) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populous of the country's seven emirates.[10][11][12] As of 2024, the city has a population of around 3.79 million,[13] more than 90% of whom are expatriates.[14]

In the early 20th century, Dubai developed into a significant regional and international trade hub, emphasizing tourism and luxury.[15] Dubai has been a center for regional and international trade since the early 20th century, and its economy relies on revenues from trade, tourism, aviation, real estate, and financial services.[16][17][18][19] Oil revenue helped accelerate the development of the city. However, oil production contributed less than 1 percent to the emirate's GDP in 2018.[20][21]

Dubai is a major global business hub, consistently ranked among the top cities for trade, finance, and logistics.[22][23] The Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), a leading financial hub in the Middle East and Africa, is home to over 2,500 international companies.[24] The city has a substantial real estate market, with $761 billion in transactions in 2024 alone.[25] It has the second-most five-star hotels in the world after London[26] and boasts the tallest building in the world, the Burj Khalifa, which stands at 828 meters (2,717 ft). Due to financial secrecy, low taxes, and valuable real estate, Dubai is an appealing destination for money launderers, criminals, corrupt political figures and sanctioned businesspeople to launder or hide money.[21]

Dubai was ranked 43rd out of 48 cities in overall environment due to issues such as poor air quality, lack of urban greenery, and lack of renewable energy.[27][28] Dubai International Airport (DXB) is the world’s busiest airport for international passenger traffic, handling over 92 million passengers annually as of 2024.[29]

Tourism is a major sector of Dubai’s economy, accounting for about 11.5% of its GDP in 2023.[30] The city is known for luxury shopping, modern architecture, and entertainment. Dubai Mall, the largest shopping mall in the world by total area, receives over 100 million visitors annually.[31] In 2023, Dubai was the 3rd most-visited city globally.[32]

  1. ^ "إمارة دبي | البوابة الرسمية لحكومة الإمارات العربية المتحدة".
  2. ^ "ستبقى دبي داراً للحي".
  3. ^ "ستبقى دبي داراً للحي".
  4. ^ "Dubai trying to live up to its nickname "City of Gold"". 5 January 2013.
  5. ^ "Dubai - A city profile". www.eyeonasia.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 8 December 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  6. ^ "istribution of Estimated Population & Population Density (person/km2) by Sector and Community - Emirate of Dubai ' (2023)" (PDF). Dubai Statistics Center. Government of Dubai. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 November 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dsc.gov.ae was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ "TelluBase—UAE Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Population Bulletin" (PDF). Dubai Statistics Center, Government of Dubai. 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  10. ^ "United Arab Emirates: metropolitan areas". World-gazetteer.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  11. ^ The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa. D Long, B Reich. p.157
  12. ^ "Federal Supreme Council". uaecabinet.ae. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  13. ^ "Dubai (city) | Geography, Creek, & History | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  14. ^ "How Dirty Money Finds a Home in Dubai Real Estate - OCCRP". How Dirty Money Finds a Home in Dubai Real Estate - OCCRP. 2024. Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  15. ^ "Dubai Remains One Of The World's Most Visited Cities: Mastercard Global Destination Cities Index 2019". MasterCard Social Newsroom. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  16. ^ "Oil share dips in Dubai GDP". AMEInfo. 9 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  17. ^ Dubai economy set to treble by 2015 Archived 3 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine Arabian Business (3 February 2007). Retrieved on 15 October 2007.
  18. ^ "Dubai diversifies out of oil". AMEInfo. 7 September 2005. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
  19. ^ Cornock, Oliver. "Dubai must tap booming halal travel industry – Khaleej Times". khaleejtimes.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  20. ^ Winkler, Matthew A. (14 January 2018). "Dubai's the Very Model of a Modern Mideast Economy". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018.
  21. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Sampler & Eigner (2008). Sand to Silicon. UAE: Motivate. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-86063-254-9.
  23. ^ "Dubai - The Business Hub : Desert City | The Enterprise World". 27 December 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
  24. ^ "Mastercard and Dubai International Financial Centre Partner to Enhance Regional Cybersecurity Efforts". newsroom.mastercard.com. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
  25. ^ "WAM". Archived from the original on 27 January 2025. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
  26. ^ McCarthy, Niall. "The Cities With The Most Five Star Hotels [Infographic]". Forbes. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  27. ^ "Global Power City Index 2024" (PDF). Institute for Urban Strategies. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  28. ^ "What is the GCPI?". Institute for Urban Strategies. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  29. ^ Kamel, Deena. "Dubai airport's passenger traffic hit record 92.3 million last year". The National. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
  30. ^ "H.H. Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence of the UAE, and Chairman of The Executive Council of Dubai, reiterated that the emirate's economy continues to grow steadily and showcase robust economic indicators that exemp..." Archived from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
  31. ^ "Dubai Mall becomes most visited place with record 105 million visitors in 2023". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
  32. ^ "Two of the most-visited cities in the world are in Turkey - this one is the unsung hero". www.bbc.com. 6 February 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2025.


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