Dyskolos

Dyskolos
Dyskolos
Written by	Menander
Chorus	Worshippers of Pan
Characters	Pan, a god; Sostratos, a young man; Kallippides, his father; Sostratos' mother; Chaireas, his companion; Pyrrhias, his slave; Getas, another slave; Knemon, an old villager; Knemon's daughter; Simiche, an old servant; Gorgias, his stepson; Daos, a slave; Sikon, a cook;
Mute	Gorgias' mother; Donax, a slave; Other slaves, female relatives, friends of Sostratos' mother;
Date premiered	316 BCE
Place premiered	Lenaia Festival, Athens
Original language	Ancient Greek
Genre	New Comedy
Setting	A country road in Phyle outside Athens in front of a temple of Pan.

Dyskolos (Greek: Δύσκολος, pronounced [dýskolos], translated as The Grouch, The Misanthrope, The Curmudgeon, The Bad-tempered Man or Old Cantankerous) is an Ancient Greek comedy by Menander, the only one of his plays, and of the whole New Comedy, that has survived in nearly complete form.^[1] It was first presented at the Lenaian festival in Athens in 316 BC, where it won Menander the first prize.

It was long known only through fragmentary quotations; but a papyrus manuscript of the nearly complete Dyskolos, dating to the 3rd century, was recovered in Egypt in 1952 and forms part of the Bodmer Papyri and Oxyrhynchus Papyri. The play was published in 1958 by Victor Martin.^[2]

The story of the play concerns a rich young man, Sostratos, who falls in love with a village girl, whose father, Knemon, is very bad-tempered and hard to approach. Eventually, after helping Knemon's stepson Gorgias to rescue him from a well, he wins Knemon over and gains his assent to marry his daughter. He also persuades his own father to allow him to betroth his own sister to Gorgias.

The Dyskolos inspired Molière, who knew only the theme of the play, as it had not yet been found, in his writing of The Misanthrope (1666).^{[not verified in body]}

^ Photiades, Penelope J. (1 October 1958). "Pan's prologue to the Dyskolos of Menander". Greece & Rome. Second Series. Vol. 5. pp. 108–122. out of a total of about 969 verses there are only about 9 verses missing — in two places in the fourth act; but about 30 verses in the first and second acts are incomplete; and approximately 200 require some emendation (p. 108)
^ Fontaine, Michael; Scafuro, Adele C., eds. (201). The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Comedy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199743544 – via Google Books.

[1] Photiades, Penelope J. (1 October 1958). "Pan's prologue to the Dyskolos of Menander". Greece & Rome. Second Series. Vol. 5. pp. 108–122. out of a total of about 969 verses there are only about 9 verses missing — in two places in the fourth act; but about 30 verses in the first and second acts are incomplete; and approximately 200 require some emendation (p. 108)

[2] Fontaine, Michael; Scafuro, Adele C., eds. (201). The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Comedy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199743544 – via Google Books.

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