ENU

ENU
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea
	Other names N-Ethylnitrosourea[citation needed]; 1-Ethyl-1-nitrosourea; Nitrosoethylurea[citation needed]; N-Nitroso-N-Ethylurea;
Identifiers
CAS Number	759-73-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Abbreviations	ENU[citation needed]
Beilstein Reference	1761174
ChEBI	CHEBI:23995 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL167667 ;
ChemSpider	12427 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.010.975
EC Number	212-072-2;
KEGG	C19178 ;
PubChem CID	12967;
RTECS number	YT3150000;
UNII	P8M1T4190R ;
UN number	2811
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8020593 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C3H7N3O2/c1-2-6(5-8)3(4)7/h2H2,1H3,(H2,4,7) Key: FUSGACRLAFQQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES CCN(N=O)C(N)=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C3H7N3O2
Molar mass	117.108 g·mol−1
log P	0.208
Vapor pressure	0.00244 kPa @ 25˚C
Acidity (pKa)	12.317
Basicity (pKb)	1.680
Absorbance	ε398 = 11.86 mM−1 cm−1
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H301, H312, H332, H350, H360
Precautionary statements	P280, P308+P313
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	300 mg kg−1 (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related ureas	N-Nitroso-N-methylurea;
Related compounds	N-Methylformamide; Dimethylformamide; Deuterated DMF; Acetylleucine;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

ENU, also known as N-ethyl-N-nitroso urea (chemical formula C₃H₇N₃O₂), is a highly potent mutagen. For a given gene in mice, ENU can induce 1 new mutation in every 700 loci. It is also toxic at high doses.

The chemical is an alkylating agent, and acts by transferring the ethyl group of ENU to nucleobases (usually thymine) in nucleic acids. Its main targets are the spermatogonial stem cells, from which mature sperm are derived.

^ ^a ^b "N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea" (PDF). Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition. NIEHS. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
^ Salinger, Andrew P.; Justice, Monica J. (2008). "Mouse Mutagenesis Using N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU): Figure 1". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2008 (4). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: pdb.prot4985. doi:10.1101/pdb.prot4985. ISSN 1940-3402. PMID 21356809. S2CID 1589523.

[niehs2021-1] "N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea" (PDF). Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition. NIEHS. Retrieved 10 August 2021.

[CSHP2008-2] Salinger, Andrew P.; Justice, Monica J. (2008). "Mouse Mutagenesis Using N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU): Figure 1". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2008 (4). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: pdb.prot4985. doi:10.1101/pdb.prot4985. ISSN 1940-3402. PMID 21356809. S2CID 1589523.

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Names


Preferred IUPAC name N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea
Other names N-Ethylnitrosourea^{[citation needed]} 1-Ethyl-1-nitrosourea Nitrosoethylurea^{[citation needed]} N-Nitroso-N-Ethylurea^[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number	759-73-9^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Abbreviations	ENU^{[citation needed]}
Beilstein Reference	1761174
ChEBI	CHEBI:23995^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL167667^Y
ChemSpider	12427^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.010.975
EC Number	212-072-2
KEGG	C19178^N
PubChem CID	12967
RTECS number	YT3150000
UNII	P8M1T4190R^Y
UN number	2811
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8020593
InChI InChI=1S/C3H7N3O2/c1-2-6(5-8)3(4)7/h2H2,1H3,(H2,4,7)^Y Key: FUSGACRLAFQQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
SMILES CCN(N=O)C(N)=O
Properties
Chemical formula	C₃H₇N₃O₂
Molar mass	117.108 g·mol⁻¹
log P	0.208
Vapor pressure	0.00244 kPa @ 25˚C^[1]
Acidity (pK_a)	12.317
Basicity (pK_b)	1.680
Absorbance	ε₃₉₈ = 11.86 mM⁻¹ cm⁻¹^[2]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H301, H312, H332, H350, H360
Precautionary statements	P280, P308+P313
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	300 mg kg⁻¹ (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related ureas	N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
Related compounds	N-Methylformamide Dimethylformamide Deuterated DMF Acetylleucine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references