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Ecofascism, sometimes spelled eco-fascism,[1] is a term used to describe individuals and groups which combine environmentalism with fascism.[2] Philosopher André Gorz characterised eco-fascism as hypothetical forms of totalitarianism based on an ecological orientation of politics.[3] Similar definitions have been used by others in older academic literature in accusations of "environmental fascism".[4]
Since the 2010s, a number of individuals and groups have emerged that either self-identify as "ecofascist" or have been labelled as "ecofascist" by academic or journalistic sources.[5] These individuals and groups synthesise radical far-right politics with environmentalism,[6][7] and will typically argue that overpopulation is the primary threat to the environment and that the only solution is a complete halt to immigration or, at their most extreme, genocide against various groups and ethnicities.[8] Many far-right political parties have added green politics to their platforms.[1][9][10] Through the 2010s, ecofascism has seen increasing support,[11][12] and subsequently has seen increasing interest from researchers.[13]
- ^ a b Corcione 2020.
- ^ Zimmerman 2008, p. 531.
- ^ Gorz 1977, p. 75.
- ^ Hassan 2021, pp. 51–53.
- ^ Phelan 2018.
- ^ Jahn & Wehling 1991.
- ^ Ditfurth 1992, pp. 278, 324.
- ^ Kamel, Lamoureux & Makuch 2020; Corcione 2020; Oksa 2005; Taylor 2020, pp. 277–278; Harris 2022a, pp. 458–459; Staudenmaier 2004, p. 520
- ^ Kamel, Lamoureux & Makuch 2020.
- ^ Ross & Bevensee 2020, pp. 4–9.
- ^ Protopapadakis 2014, p. 587; Dyett & Thomas 2019, p. 220; Kaati et al. 2020; Harrisa 2022, p. 452; Tynan 2023, pp. 90–91; Chalecki 2023, p. 1
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Tigue Mainstreamwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Thomas & Gosink 2021, pp. 31–32.
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