Back Edmund Burke Afrikaans إدموند بيرك Arabic ادموند بيرك (فيلسوف من مملكه ايرلاندا) ARZ এডমাণ্ড বাৰ্ক Assamese Edmund Burke AST Edmund Börk Azerbaijani ادموند برک AZB Эдмунд Бёрк Byelorussian Эдмунд Бэрк BE-X-OLD Едмънд Бърк Bulgarian
Edmund Burke | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds c. 1769 | |
| Paymaster of the Forces | |
| In office 16 April 1783 – 8 January 1784 | |
| Prime Minister | |
| Preceded by | Isaac Barré |
| Succeeded by | William Grenville |
| In office 10 April 1782 – 1 August 1782 | |
| Prime Minister | The Marquess of Rockingham |
| Preceded by | Richard Rigby |
| Succeeded by | Isaac Barré |
| Rector of the University of Glasgow | |
| In office 1783–1785 | |
| Preceded by | Henry Dundas |
| Succeeded by | Robert Bontine |
| Member of Parliament for Malton | |
| In office 18 October 1780 – 20 June 1794 Serving with | |
| Preceded by | Savile Finch |
| Succeeded by | Richard Burke Jr. |
| Member of Parliament for Bristol | |
| In office 4 November 1774 – 6 September 1780 Serving with Henry Cruger | |
| Preceded by | Matthew Brickdale |
| Succeeded by | Henry Lippincott |
| Member of Parliament for Wendover | |
| In office December 1765 – 5 October 1774 Serving with
| |
| Preceded by | Verney Lovett |
| Succeeded by | John Adams |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Edmund Burke 12 January 1729 Dublin, Kingdom of Ireland[1] |
| Died | 9 July 1797 (aged 68) St Mary & All Saints Church, Beaconsfield, Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Political party | Whig (Rockinghamite) |
| Spouse |
Jane Mary Nugent (m. 1757) |
| Children | Richard Burke Jr. |
| Education | Trinity College, Dublin Middle Temple |
| Profession |
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| Known for | Being the founder of conservatism |
| Philosophical work | |
| Era | Age of Enlightenment |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Classical liberalism Conservatism Counter-Enlightenment Romanticism |
| Institutions | Literary Club (co-founder) |
| Main interests | |
| Notable works | |
| Notable ideas | |
| Signature | |
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| This article is part of a series on |
| Conservatism in the United Kingdom |
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Edmund Burke (/bɜːrk/; 12 January [NS] 1729[2] – 9 July 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman, journalist, writer, literary critic, philosopher, and parliamentary orator who is regarded as the founder of the social and cultural philosophy of conservatism.[3] He is also considered by some to be one of the most influential modern conservative thinkers and writers.[4] Born in Dublin, Burke spent most of his political career in Great Britain, and served as a member of Parliament (MP) from 1766 to 1794 in the House of Commons of Great Britain with the Whig Party. His writings and literary publications influenced British conservative thought to a great extent, and helped establish the earliest foundations for modern conservatism and liberal democracy.[5] His writings also played a crucial role in influencing public views and opinions in Britain and France following the 1789 French Revolution,[6] and he remains a major figure in modern political conservative circles.
Burke was a proponent of underpinning virtues with manners in society and of the importance of religious institutions for the moral stability and good of the state.[7] These views were expressed in his satirical work A Vindication of Natural Society (1756). He also criticised the actions of the British government towards the American colonies, including its taxation policies. Burke supported the rights of the colonists to resist metropolitan authority, although he opposed the attempt to achieve independence. He is further remembered for his long-term support for Catholic emancipation, the impeachment of Warren Hastings from the East India Company, his opposition to the French Revolution, and for the debates he held in the British Parliament on these issues.
In his Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), Burke asserted that the revolution was destroying the fabric of good society and traditional institutions of state and society, and he condemned the persecution of the Catholic Church that resulted from it. This led to his becoming a popular leading figure within the conservative faction of the Whig Party which he dubbed the Old Whigs as opposed to the pro-French Revolution New Whigs led by Charles James Fox.[8]
In the 19th century, Burke was widely praised by both conservatives and liberals.[9] Subsequently, in the 20th century, he became highly regarded, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom, as the philosophical founder of conservatism,[3][10] along with his ultra-royalist and ultramontane counterpart Joseph de Maistre.[11][12]
- ^ "Edmund Burke". Library Ireland. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017.
- ^ The exact year of his birth is the subject of a great deal of controversy; 1728, 1729, and 1730 have been proposed. The month and day of his birth also are subject to question, a problem compounded by the Julian–Gregorian changeover in 1752, during his lifetime. For a fuller treatment of the question, see F. P. Lock, Edmund Burke. Volume I: 1730–1784 (Clarendon Press, 1999), pp. 16–17. Conor Cruise O'Brien (2008; p. 14) questions Burke's birthplace as having been in Dublin, arguing in favour of Shanballymore, Co. Cork (in the house of his uncle, James Nagle).
- ^ a b Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Third Edition. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), p. 74.
- ^ Glen Eaves, Richard (April 1978). "Edmund Burke: His Enduring Influence on Political Thought". Journal of Thought. California, USA: Caddo Gap Press. p. 122. ISSN 0022-5231.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link) - ^ "Explore The Enduring Legacy Of Edmund Burke". Pepperdine University: School of Public Policy. January 2024.
- ^ Stephens, Bret (2020). "Why Edmund Burke Still Matters". USA: The New York Times.
- ^ Richard Bourke, Empire and Revolution: The Political Life of Edmund Burke (Princeton University Press, 2015), pp. 220–221, passim.
- ^ Burke lived before the terms "conservative" and "liberal" were used to describe political ideologies, cf. J. C. D. Clark, English Society, 1660–1832 (Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 5, 301.
- ^ O'Keeffe, Dennis (2009). Meadowcroft, John (ed.). Edmund Burke. Continuum. p. 93. ISBN 978-0826429780.
- ^ F. P. Lock, Edmund Burke. Volume II: 1784–1797 (Clarendon Press, 2006), p. 585.
- ^ DeMarco, Carl (1 January 2023). "A Historical and Philosophical Comparison: Joseph de Maistre & Edmund Burke". The Gettysburg Historical Journal. 22 (1). ISSN 2327-3917.
- ^ "Book Review | Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition, by Edmund Fawcett". The Independent Institute. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
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