Election forensics

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Election forensics are methods used to determine if election results are statistically normal or statistically abnormal, which can indicate electoral fraud.^[1] It uses statistical tools to determine if observed election results differ from normally occurring patterns.^[2] These tools can be relatively simple, such as looking at the frequency of integers and using 2nd Digit Benford's law,^[3] or can be more complex and involve machine learning techniques.