Electronic Road Pricing

The Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system is an electronic toll collection scheme adopted in Singapore to manage traffic by way of road pricing, and as a usage-based taxation mechanism to complement the purchase-based Certificate of Entitlement system. There are a total of 93 ERP gantries located throughout the country, along expressways and roads leading towards the Central Area.^[1] As of February 2023, there were a total of 19 ERP gantries in operation, as compared to 77 in 2020 before the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.^[2]

The ERP was implemented by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) on April 1, 1998^[3] to replace the preceding Singapore Area Licensing Scheme (ALS) that was first introduced on 11 August 1974 after successfully stress-testing the system with vehicles running at high speed. The system uses open road tolling; vehicles do not stop or slow down to pay tolls.^[4]^[5]

Singapore was the first city in the world to implement an electronic road toll collection system for purposes of congestion pricing.^[6] Its use has inspired other cities around the world in adopting a similar system, particularly London's Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ) and Stockholm's congestion tax.^[7] It has also been proposed in New York City and San Francisco.

^ "Passenger Cars/ Lights Goods Vehicles/ Taxis - 28 August 2023". Land Transport Authority (LTA). 23 August 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
^ "Fewer than 1 in 4 ERP gantries in use today, even as rates at some locations go up". The Straits Times. 13 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
^ "Electronic Road Pricing system | Infopedia". Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
^ Santos Georgina (2005). "Urban Congestion Charging: A Comparison between London and Singapore". Transport Reviews. 25 (5): 511–534. doi:10.1080/01441640500064439. S2CID 153685223.
^ Electronic Road Pricing. Land Transport Authority (Singapore)
^ Cervero, Robert (1998). The Transit Metropolis. Island Press, Washington, D.C. p. 169. ISBN 1-55963-591-6. Chapter 6/The Master Planned Transit Metropolis: Singapore.
^ Cite error: The named reference guardianQA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[ERP_pricing-08-23-1] "Passenger Cars/ Lights Goods Vehicles/ Taxis - 28 August 2023". Land Transport Authority (LTA). 23 August 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

[2] "Fewer than 1 in 4 ERP gantries in use today, even as rates at some locations go up". The Straits Times. 13 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

[3] "Electronic Road Pricing system | Infopedia". Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.

[4] Santos Georgina (2005). "Urban Congestion Charging: A Comparison between London and Singapore". Transport Reviews. 25 (5): 511–534. doi:10.1080/01441640500064439. S2CID 153685223.

[:0-5] Electronic Road Pricing. Land Transport Authority (Singapore)

[6] Cervero, Robert (1998). The Transit Metropolis. Island Press, Washington, D.C. p. 169. ISBN 1-55963-591-6. Chapter 6/The Master Planned Transit Metropolis: Singapore.

[guardianQA-7] Cite error: The named reference guardianQA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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