Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia

Elizabeth Stuart
Portrait by the Workshop of Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt, c. 1623
Electress consort of the Palatinate
Tenure	14 February 1613 – 23 February 1623
Queen consort of Bohemia
Tenure	4 November 1619 – 8 November 1620
Coronation	7 November 1619 St Vitus Cathedral
Born	19 August 1596 Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Kingdom of Scotland
Died	13 February 1662(1662-02-13) (aged 65) Leicester House, Westminster, London, Kingdom of England
Burial	17 February 1662 Westminster Abbey, London
Spouse	Frederick V, Elector Palatine ​ ​ (m. 1613; died 1632)​
Issue	See Henry Frederick, Electoral Prince of the Palatinate Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine Elisabeth, Princess-Abbess of Herford Prince Rupert, Duke of Cumberland Prince Maurice Louise Hollandine, Abbess of Maubuisson Prince Louis Prince Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern Princess Henriette Marie Prince Philip Frederick Princess Charlotte Sophia, Electress of Hanover Prince Gustavus Adolphus
House	Stuart
Father	James VI and I
Mother	Anne of Denmark
Signature

Elizabeth Stuart (19 August 1596 – 13 February 1662) was Electress of the Palatinate and briefly Queen of Bohemia as the wife of Frederick V of the Palatinate. The couple's selection for the crown by the nobles of Bohemia was part of the political and religious turmoil setting off the Thirty Years' War. Since her husband's reign in Bohemia lasted over one winter, she is called "the Winter Queen" (German: Die Winterkönigin, Czech: Zimní královna).^[1][2][3]

Princess Elizabeth was the only surviving daughter of James VI and I, King of Scotland, England, and Ireland, and his queen, Anne of Denmark; she was the elder sister of Charles I. Born in Scotland, she was named in honour of her father's predecessor and cousin in England, Elizabeth I. During Elizabeth Stuart's childhood, unbeknownst to her, part of the failed Gunpowder Plot was a scheme to replace her father with her on the throne, and forcibly raise her as a Catholic.

Her father later arranged for her marriage to the Protestant Frederick V, a senior prince of the Holy Roman Empire. They were married in the Chapel Royal in the Palace of Whitehall, and then left for his lands in Germany. Their marriage proved successful, but after they left Bohemia they spent years in exile in The Hague, while the Thirty Years' War continued. In her widowhood, she eventually returned to England, at the end of her own life, during the Stuart Restoration of her nephew, and is buried in Westminster Abbey.

With the demise of Elizabeth's great-niece, Anne, Queen of Great Britain, the last Stuart monarch in 1714, Elizabeth's grandson by her daughter Sophia of Hanover succeeded to the British throne as George I, initiating the rule of the House of Hanover.