Elizabeth of Luxembourg

Elizabeth of Luxembourg
Elizabeth of Luxembourg
Queen consort of Hungary
Tenure	1437–1440
Coronation	1 January 1438, Székesfehérvár
Queen consort of Germany
Tenure	1438–1439
Queen consort of Bohemia
Tenure	1438–1439
Coronation	29 June 1438, Prague
Born	7 October 1409; Visegrád, Hungary
Died	19 December 1442 (aged 33); Győr, Hungary
Burial	Székesfehérvár Basilica, Hungary
Spouse	Albert II of Germany (m. 1422; died 1439)
Issue	Anne, Duchess of Luxembourg; Elizabeth, Queen of Poland; Ladislaus the Posthumous;
House	House of Luxembourg
Father	Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Barbara of Cilli

Elizabeth of Luxembourg (Hungarian: Luxemburgi Erzsébet; 7 October 1409 – 19 December 1442) was queen consort of Hungary, queen consort of Germany and Bohemia.

The only child of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Elizabeth was expected to ascend his thrones along with her husband, Albert of Austria. After her father's death, Elizabeth and her husband were elected by the Hungarian estates as de facto equal rulers.^[1]^[2] She could not completely assert her position though, because the Veszprém bishop refused to give up on his right to crown the queen (the monarch was traditionally crowned by the Esztergom bishop).^[3] She was however recognized as co-ruler and played an active part in the government. After Albert's death though, she was unable to prevent the election of a new king.^[4]^[5]

Albert died in 1439, leaving Elizabeth a pregnant dowager with two daughters, Anne and Elizabeth. Bohemian nobility proclaimed an interregnum, while King Vladislaus III of Poland was crowned new king of Hungary in May 1440, three months after Queen Elizabeth delivered a son, Ladislaus the Posthumous. She was determined to contend for her patrimony on her son's behalf, which led to a civil war between hers and Vladislaus's supporters. The conflict ended with the queen's sudden death at the age of 33.

^ Dvořáková, Daniela (2021). Barbara of Cilli (1392-1451) : a Hungarian, Holy Roman, and Bohemian queen. Leiden. p. 181. ISBN 978-90-04-49916-4. Retrieved 13 December 2022. The Hungarian estates had already elected him as king and Elizabeth as queen on 18 December in Bratislava. The election affected both spouses, who thus became equivalent rulers.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Burkhardt, Julia (15 November 2022). "Albert II of Habsburg's Composite Monarchy (1437–39) and Its Significance for Central Europe". Unions and Divisions: 224–236. doi:10.4324/9781003199007-21. ISBN 9781003199007. As had previously been the case, Albert's wife Elizabeth (herself, of course, the legitimate crowned queen) acted as regent for her husband in his absence, taking care of governmental affairs along with the royal council. Several charters issued in the queen's name testify to her crucial role as an arbitrator in legal disputes, and to her involvement in waivers of tax liability or the enlargement of the realm's fortifications. Numerous towns and fortresses which she had received from Albert, predominantly in the northern part of Hungary, constituted her power base.
^ Dvořáková 2021, p. 181.
^ Burkhardt 2022, p. 196.
^ Komjathy, Anthony Tihamer (1982). A Thousand Years of the Hungarian Art of War. Rákóczi Foundation. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-8191-6524-4. Retrieved 13 December 2022.

[1] Dvořáková, Daniela (2021). Barbara of Cilli (1392-1451) : a Hungarian, Holy Roman, and Bohemian queen. Leiden. p. 181. ISBN 978-90-04-49916-4. Retrieved 13 December 2022. The Hungarian estates had already elected him as king and Elizabeth as queen on 18 December in Bratislava. The election affected both spouses, who thus became equivalent rulers.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[2] Burkhardt, Julia (15 November 2022). "Albert II of Habsburg's Composite Monarchy (1437–39) and Its Significance for Central Europe". Unions and Divisions: 224–236. doi:10.4324/9781003199007-21. ISBN 9781003199007. As had previously been the case, Albert's wife Elizabeth (herself, of course, the legitimate crowned queen) acted as regent for her husband in his absence, taking care of governmental affairs along with the royal council. Several charters issued in the queen's name testify to her crucial role as an arbitrator in legal disputes, and to her involvement in waivers of tax liability or the enlargement of the realm's fortifications. Numerous towns and fortresses which she had received from Albert, predominantly in the northern part of Hungary, constituted her power base.

[FOOTNOTEDvořáková2021181-3] Dvořáková 2021, p. 181.

[FOOTNOTEBurkhardt2022196-4] Burkhardt 2022, p. 196.

[5] Komjathy, Anthony Tihamer (1982). A Thousand Years of the Hungarian Art of War. Rákóczi Foundation. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-8191-6524-4. Retrieved 13 December 2022.

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