Back إما (شنتو) Arabic Ema (šintoismus) Czech Ema Danish Ema German Έμα (Σίντο) Greek Ema (sintoísmo) Spanish اما (شینتو) Persian Ema French Ema Hungarian Ema (Shinto) ID
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| Votive talismans designed for the home |
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| Ofuda, and Jingū taima when from Ise Jingu |
| Votive paper slips applied to the gates of shrines |
| Senjafuda |
| Amulets sold at shrines for luck and protection |
| Omamori |
| Wooden plaques representing prayers and wishes |
| Ema |
| Paper fortunes received by making a small offering |
| O-mikuji |
| Stamps collected at shrines |
| Shuin |
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Ema (絵馬, lit. 'picture-horse') are small wooden plaques, common to Japan, in which Shinto and Buddhist worshippers write prayers or wishes. Ema are left hanging up at the shrine, where the kami (spirits or gods) are believed to receive them.[1]: 25 This is particularly evident at shrines such as at the Ikoma Shrine, where ema more often than usual indicate great despair or tragedy in one's life and show a heavy dependence on divine intervention.[2] However, ema have been hung up for many other purposes, such as advertisements for certain Kabuki groups at shrines such as Naritasan Shinshôji in the Chiba prefecture.[3] Typically 15 cm (5.9 in) wide and 9 cm (3.5 in) tall, they often carry images or are shaped like animals, or symbols from the zodiac, Shinto, or the particular shrine or temple.[1]: 26 In ancient times,[when?] people would donate horses to the shrines for good favor; over time this was transferred to a wooden plaque with a picture of a horse, and later still to the various wooden plaques sold today for the same purpose.[4]: 154 Once inscribed with a wish, ema are hung at the shrine[5]: 49 until they are ritually burned at special events, symbolic of the liberation of the wish from the writer.[1]: 35 Ema can be hung up either for one's personal benefit, or the benefit of another.[6] There is no specified format for creating ema. Typically, one side has the wishes inscribed in text, and the other is left for imagery should it be desired.[7]
- ^ a b c Reader, Ian (1991). "Letters to the Gods: The Form and Meaning of Ema". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 18 (1): 24–50. doi:10.18874/jjrs.18.1.1991.23-50. JSTOR 30233428.
- ^ Holtom, D. C. (1938). "Japanese Votive Pictures (The Ikoma Ema)". Monumenta Nipponica. 1 (1): 154–164. doi:10.2307/2382449. ISSN 0027-0741. JSTOR 2382449.
- ^ Snow, Hilary Katherine (2010). "Ema, Display Practices of Edo Period Votive Paintings". ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. ProQuest 2493442560 – via ProQuest.
- ^ Holtom, D. C. (1938). "Japanese Votive Pictures (The Ikoma Ema)". Monumenta Nipponica. 1 (1): 154–164. doi:10.2307/2382449. JSTOR 2382449.
- ^ Robertson, Jennifer (2008). "Ema-gined Community: Votive Tablets (ema) and Strategic Ambivalence in Wartime Japan". Asian Ethnology. 67 (1): 43–77. JSTOR 25135286.
- ^ Reader, Ian (1991). "Letters to the Gods: The Form and Meaning of Ema". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 18 (1): 24–50. doi:10.18874/jjrs.18.1.1991.23-50. ISSN 0304-1042. JSTOR 30233428.
- ^ Swanson, Bailey, ""Lucky" Charms" (2019). Christian Studies Class Publications. 1. https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/religion_class_papers/1
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