Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
	Aguinaldo c. 1919
1st President of the Philippines
	In office; January 23, 1899 – April 19, 1901
Prime Minister	Apolinario Mabini; (January 23 – May 7, 1899); Pedro Paterno; (May 7 – November 13, 1899);
Preceded by	Position established; Diego de los Ríos (as Governor-General of the Philippines)
Succeeded by	Position abolished; Miguel Malvar; Manuel L. Quezon
President of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines
	In office; June 23, 1898 – January 23, 1899
Prime Minister	Apolinario Mabini; (January 2–23, 1899);
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished (Revolutionary government superseded by the First Philippine Republic)
Commanding General of the Philippine Revolutionary Army
	In office; June 5, 1899 – April 19, 1901
President	Himself
Preceded by	Antonio Luna
Dictator of the Philippines
	In office; May 24, 1898 – June 23, 1898
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished (Dictatorial government replaced by a revolutionary government with Aguinaldo assuming the title president)
President of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato
	In office; November 2, 1897 – December 14, 1897
Vice President	Mariano Trías
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
President of the Tejeros Revolutionary Government
	In office; March 22, 1897 – November 1, 1897
Vice President	Mariano Trías
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished (Tejeros government superseded by the Republic of Biak-na-Bato)
Member of the Council of State of the Republic of the Philippines
	In office; June 19, 1943 – August 17, 1945
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Personal details
Born	Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy; March 22, 1869; Cavite el Viejo, Cavite, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
Died	February 6, 1964 (aged 94); Quezon City, Philippines
Resting place	Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine, Kawit, Cavite, Philippines
Political party	National Socialist (1935–1936); Independent (until 1935);
Spouses	Hilaria del Rosario (m. 1896; died 1921); María Agoncillo (m. 1930; died 1963);
Children	5
Alma mater	Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Profession	Statesman; Military leader;
Awards	Quezon Service Cross; Philippine Legion of Honor; Presidential Medal of Merit; Order of the Knights of Rizal;
Signature
Nicknames	"Kapitan Miong"; "Heneral Miong"; "Ka Miong"; "El Caudillo"; "Magdalo"; "Hermano Colon";
Military service
Allegiance	1896 Katipunan (Magdalo); 1897 Republic of Biak-na-Bato; 1899 First Philippine Republic;
Branch/service	Philippine Revolutionary Army
Years of service	1896–1901
Rank	Generalissimo Minister Marshal
Battles/wars	Philippine Revolution; Kawit revolt; Battle of Imus; Battle of Talisay; Battle of Binakayan 1896; Battle of Pateros; Battle of Zapote Bridge; Battle of Naic; Battle of Mount Puray; Battle of Aliaga; Spanish–American War; Battle of Alapan; Battle of Manila (1898) Philippine–American War; Battle of Marilao River;
	Footnotes:; ^ Aguinaldo ran for president in 1935 under the ticket of the National Socialist Party, but in opening his campaign he disavowed association with any political party. ;

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy QSC CCLH PMM KGCR^[e] (Spanish: [eˈmiljo aɣiˈnaldoj ˈfami]: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who became the first president of the Philippines (1899–1901), and the first president of an Asian constitutional republic. He served the 2nd shortest term as president of the Philippines, lasting for only 2 years and 27 days, only behind Sergio Osmeña by 516 days, of which, he only lasted from August 1, 1944 to May 28, 1946. He led the Philippine forces first against Spain in the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898), then in the Spanish–American War (1898), and finally against the United States during the Philippine–American War (1899–1901). He is regarded in the Philippines as having been the country's first president during the period of the First Philippine Republic,^[9] though he was not recognized as such outside of the revolutionary Philippines.

Aguinaldo is known as a national hero in the Philippines.^[10] However, he was also known to be somewhat controversial due to his alleged involvement in the deaths of the revolutionary leader Andrés Bonifacio and general Antonio Luna, and for his collaboration with the Empire of Japan during their occupation of the Philippines in World War II.^[11]

^ Inaugural Address of President Aguinaldo, January 23, 1899 (Speech). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. January 23, 1899. Archived from the original on June 24, 2023. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Cite error: The named reference when was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference iIBcw was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Miguel Malvar Was the Forgotten President of the Philippine Republic". Esquire. September 9, 2019.
^ Cite error: The named reference nUHd7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference CyWID was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference LD04Q was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference MTEpC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Presidents Aguinaldo, Quezon & Laurel". Malacañang Heritage Mansions. Presidential Museum of the Philippines. n.d. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
^ Cite error: The named reference official was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ara 2015, p. 170 "Aguinaldo's collaboration with Japan began with his contact with Gen. Masami Maeda, Homma's chief of staff.[...] Aguinaldo (ca. 1942) voluntarily met with Maeda at his residence in Cavite to suggest the creation of a provisional government to terminate American rule and cooperate with the Japanese."

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[11] Aguinaldo ran for president in 1935 under the ticket of the National Socialist Party,^[5] but in opening his campaign he disavowed association with any political party.^[6]

[inaugural1899-1] Inaugural Address of President Aguinaldo, January 23, 1899 (Speech). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. January 23, 1899. Archived from the original on June 24, 2023. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[when-2] Cite error: The named reference when was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[iIBcw-4] Cite error: The named reference iIBcw was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[6] "Miguel Malvar Was the Forgotten President of the Philippine Republic". Esquire. September 9, 2019.

[nUHd7-9] Cite error: The named reference nUHd7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[CyWID-10] Cite error: The named reference CyWID was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[LD04Q-12] Cite error: The named reference LD04Q was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[MTEpC-13] Cite error: The named reference MTEpC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[15] "Presidents Aguinaldo, Quezon & Laurel". Malacañang Heritage Mansions. Presidential Museum of the Philippines. n.d. Retrieved August 10, 2024.

[official-16] Cite error: The named reference official was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[asa2015p170q-17] Ara 2015, p. 170 "Aguinaldo's collaboration with Japan began with his contact with Gen. Masami Maeda, Homma's chief of staff.[...] Aguinaldo (ca. 1942) voluntarily met with Maeda at his residence in Cavite to suggest the creation of a provisional government to terminate American rule and cooperate with the Japanese."

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Emilio Aguinaldo
Aguinaldo c. 1919

1st President of the Philippines^[3]
In office January 23, 1899^[a] – April 19, 1901^[b]
Prime Minister	Apolinario Mabini (January 23 – May 7, 1899) Pedro Paterno (May 7 – November 13, 1899)
Preceded by	Position established Diego de los Ríos (as Governor-General of the Philippines)
Succeeded by	Position abolished Miguel Malvar^[c] Manuel L. Quezon^[d]
President of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines
In office June 23, 1898 – January 23, 1899
Prime Minister	Apolinario Mabini (January 2–23, 1899)
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished (Revolutionary government superseded by the First Philippine Republic)
Commanding General of the Philippine Revolutionary Army
In office June 5, 1899 – April 19, 1901
President	Himself
Preceded by	Antonio Luna
Dictator of the Philippines
In office May 24, 1898 – June 23, 1898
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished (Dictatorial government replaced by a revolutionary government with Aguinaldo assuming the title president)
President of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato
In office November 2, 1897 – December 14, 1897
Vice President	Mariano Trías
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
President of the Tejeros Revolutionary Government
In office March 22, 1897 – November 1, 1897
Vice President	Mariano Trías
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished (Tejeros government superseded by the Republic of Biak-na-Bato)
Member of the Council of State of the Republic of the Philippines
In office June 19, 1943 – August 17, 1945
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished

Personal details
Born	Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (1869-03-22)March 22, 1869 Cavite el Viejo, Cavite, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
Died	February 6, 1964(1964-02-06) (aged 94) Quezon City, Philippines
Resting place	Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine, Kawit, Cavite, Philippines
Political party	National Socialist (1935–1936)^{[infobox 1]} Independent (until 1935)
Spouses	Hilaria del Rosario (m. 1896; died 1921) María Agoncillo (m. 1930; died 1963)
Children	5
Alma mater	Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Profession	Statesman Military leader
Awards	Quezon Service Cross Philippine Legion of Honor Presidential Medal of Merit Order of the Knights of Rizal
Signature
Nicknames	"Kapitan Miong" "Heneral Miong" "Ka Miong" "El Caudillo" "Magdalo" "Hermano Colon"
Military service
Allegiance	1896 Katipunan (Magdalo) 1897 Republic of Biak-na-Bato 1899 First Philippine Republic
Branch/service	Philippine Revolutionary Army
Years of service	1896–1901
Rank	Generalissimo Minister Marshal
Battles/wars	Philippine Revolution Kawit revolt Battle of Imus Battle of Talisay Battle of Binakayan 1896 Battle of Pateros Battle of Zapote Bridge Battle of Naic Battle of Mount Puray Battle of Aliaga Spanish–American War Battle of Alapan Battle of Manila (1898) Philippine–American War Battle of Marilao River
Footnotes: ^ Aguinaldo ran for president in 1935 under the ticket of the National Socialist Party,^[5] but in opening his campaign he disavowed association with any political party.^[6]