Emirate of Tlemcen

Emirate of Tlemcen
Emirate of Tlemcen
c. 757–790
Status	Emirate
Capital	Tlemcen
Common languages	Berber, Arabic
Religion	Sufri Islam
Government	Emirate, tribal confederacy
• Until 790	Abu Qurra
History
• Establishment	c. 757
• Annexed by the Rustamids and Idrisids	790
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Umayyad Caliphate
Rustamid dynasty
Idrisid dynasty
Sulaymanid dynasty
Today part of	Algeria

The Ifranid Emirate of Tlemcen^[3] or Ifranid Kingdom of Tlemcen,^[4]^[5]^[6] was a Kharijite state,^[7]^[5] founded by Berbers of the Banu Ifran in the eighth century,^[8] with its capital at Tlemcen in modern Algeria.^[8]

^ Lewicki, T. (1960–2007). "Banu Ifran". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. ISBN 9789004161214. The Īfranid tribes which emigrated to the central Mag̲h̲rib towards the middle of the 2nd/8th century and remained under the command of Abū Ḳurra al-Īfranī al-Mag̲h̲īlī founded a Ṣufrī state, probably between 140/757-8 and 148/765-6, whose capital became the town of Tlemcen, built by the newcomers on the site of an ancient Roman town. (...) He conducted a long war with ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, probably relying mainly on the Banū Īfran; in the end he died in battle, killed by Aflaḥ, son of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, in about 188/803-4 or shortly afterwards. At that time, the Īfranid state of Abū Ḳurra had already ceased to exist for some years. It seems moreover that control of Tlemcen, which was then inhabited by the Banū Īfran and the Mag̲h̲rāwa, had passed after the death of Abū Ḳurra into the hands of Mag̲h̲rāwa leaders belonging to the dynasty of the Banū K̲h̲azar, this dynasty being destined to play a considerable part in the history of the Mag̲h̲rib. In 173/789-90 (or according to certain historians, in 174/790-1), at the time of the conquest of that country by Idrīs I [q.v.], the founder of the dynasty of the Idrīsids, Muḥammad Ibn K̲h̲azar b. Ṣūlāt, the ruler of the town of Tlemcen, came before the conqueror and, thanks to his prompt submission, obtained security for himself and for all the Zanāta tribes of the central Mag̲h̲rib. It was Sulaymān, brother of Idrīs I and later hereditary ruler of that town, who became the Idrīsid governor of Tlemcen; it seems however that, save for this fact, conditions in the central Mag̲h̲rib were little changed. The Zanāta tribes in the country continued to recognize the supremacy of the Mag̲h̲rāwa, which had long replaced the supremacy of the Banū Īfran.
^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 0521337674. From the early 770s, however, they lost their leading position amongst the Kharijite tribes in Algeria. Although they retained control of Tilimsan until its conquest in 790 by the Idrisid rulers of Morocco, their authority was eclipsed by that of 'AbdulRahman b. Rustam, the leader whom the Ibadite tribes in Algeria proclaimed as their imam in 776 or 777 (A.H. 160). Thereafter the Banu Ifran, to whom 'AbdulRahman b. Rustam was related through marriage, figured more as allies of the Rustamid rulers than as a politically dominant group.
^ Philippe Sénac; Armand Colin (2011). Le monde musulman: des origines au Xe siècle [The Muslim World: From Its Origins to the 10th Century] (in French). p. 177. ISBN 9782200274139 – via Google Books.
^ Charles-André Julien (1994). Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord: Des origines à 1830 [History of North Africa: From Its Origins to 1830]. Paris: Édition Payot. pp. 365–366. ISBN 9782228887892.
^ ^a ^b Alain Romey (1982). Histoire, mémoire et sociétés: L'exemple de N'goussa: oasis berbérophone du Sahara (Ouargala) [History, Memory and Societies: The Example of N'goussa: Berber-speaking Oasis of the Sahara (Ouargala)]. University of Tunis. ISBN 9782296271937.
^ Chems Eddine Chitour (2004). Algérie: le passé revisité [Algeria: The Past Revisited]. Casbah Editions. p. 51. ISBN 9789961644966.
^ Leïla Babès (2011). L'utopie de l'islam: La religion contre l'État [The Utopia of Islam: Religion Against the State]. Armand Colin. p. 122. ISBN 9782200276409.
^ ^a ^b C. Agabi (2001). "Ifren (Beni)". Encyclopédie berbère. 24 (24). Edisud: 3657–3659. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1543.

[1] Lewicki, T. (1960–2007). "Banu Ifran". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill. ISBN 9789004161214. The Īfranid tribes which emigrated to the central Mag̲h̲rib towards the middle of the 2nd/8th century and remained under the command of Abū Ḳurra al-Īfranī al-Mag̲h̲īlī founded a Ṣufrī state, probably between 140/757-8 and 148/765-6, whose capital became the town of Tlemcen, built by the newcomers on the site of an ancient Roman town. (...) He conducted a long war with ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, probably relying mainly on the Banū Īfran; in the end he died in battle, killed by Aflaḥ, son of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, in about 188/803-4 or shortly afterwards. At that time, the Īfranid state of Abū Ḳurra had already ceased to exist for some years. It seems moreover that control of Tlemcen, which was then inhabited by the Banū Īfran and the Mag̲h̲rāwa, had passed after the death of Abū Ḳurra into the hands of Mag̲h̲rāwa leaders belonging to the dynasty of the Banū K̲h̲azar, this dynasty being destined to play a considerable part in the history of the Mag̲h̲rib. In 173/789-90 (or according to certain historians, in 174/790-1), at the time of the conquest of that country by Idrīs I [q.v.], the founder of the dynasty of the Idrīsids, Muḥammad Ibn K̲h̲azar b. Ṣūlāt, the ruler of the town of Tlemcen, came before the conqueror and, thanks to his prompt submission, obtained security for himself and for all the Zanāta tribes of the central Mag̲h̲rib. It was Sulaymān, brother of Idrīs I and later hereditary ruler of that town, who became the Idrīsid governor of Tlemcen; it seems however that, save for this fact, conditions in the central Mag̲h̲rib were little changed. The Zanāta tribes in the country continued to recognize the supremacy of the Mag̲h̲rāwa, which had long replaced the supremacy of the Banū Īfran.

[2] Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 0521337674. From the early 770s, however, they lost their leading position amongst the Kharijite tribes in Algeria. Although they retained control of Tilimsan until its conquest in 790 by the Idrisid rulers of Morocco, their authority was eclipsed by that of 'AbdulRahman b. Rustam, the leader whom the Ibadite tribes in Algeria proclaimed as their imam in 776 or 777 (A.H. 160). Thereafter the Banu Ifran, to whom 'AbdulRahman b. Rustam was related through marriage, figured more as allies of the Rustamid rulers than as a politically dominant group.

[3] Philippe Sénac; Armand Colin (2011). Le monde musulman: des origines au Xe siècle [The Muslim World: From Its Origins to the 10th Century] (in French). p. 177. ISBN 9782200274139 – via Google Books.

[CAJ-4] Charles-André Julien (1994). Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord: Des origines à 1830 [History of North Africa: From Its Origins to 1830]. Paris: Édition Payot. pp. 365–366. ISBN 9782228887892.

[:0-5] Alain Romey (1982). Histoire, mémoire et sociétés: L'exemple de N'goussa: oasis berbérophone du Sahara (Ouargala) [History, Memory and Societies: The Example of N'goussa: Berber-speaking Oasis of the Sahara (Ouargala)]. University of Tunis. ISBN 9782296271937.

[Chitour-6] Chems Eddine Chitour (2004). Algérie: le passé revisité [Algeria: The Past Revisited]. Casbah Editions. p. 51. ISBN 9789961644966.

[:1-7] Leïla Babès (2011). L'utopie de l'islam: La religion contre l'État [The Utopia of Islam: Religion Against the State]. Armand Colin. p. 122. ISBN 9782200276409.

[:2-8] C. Agabi (2001). "Ifren (Beni)". Encyclopédie berbère. 24 (24). Edisud: 3657–3659. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1543.

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