Encirclement campaigns (Chinese Civil War)

The encirclement campaigns of the Chinese Civil War were Republic of China (ROC) offensives against Chinese Communist Party (CCP) revolutionary base areas in China from the late-1920s to 1934 during the Chinese Civil War.^[1]^[2]

The climax were the five "encirclement and suppression",^[2] or "extermination",^[1] campaigns against the Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) from 1930 to 1934.^[2] The final campaign, developed with German advisors, destroyed the CSR's Jiangxi Soviet and precipitated the CCP's strategic retreat in the Long March.^[3]^[4]

^ ^a ^b Hsu 2012, p. 6.
^ ^a ^b ^c Opper 2020, "Chapter 3: The Chinese Soviet Republic, 1931 – 1934, Section IV: The KMT Strategy and Alternative".
^ Hsu 2012, p. 137.
^ Opper 2020, "Chapter 3: The Chinese Soviet Republic, 1931 – 1934, Section V. CCP Territorial Control: From Guerrillas to Soldiers".

[FOOTNOTEHsu20126-1] Hsu 2012, p. 6.

[FOOTNOTEOpper2020"Chapter_3:_The_Chinese_Soviet_Republic,_1931_–_1934,_Section_IV:_The_KMT_Strategy_and_Alternative"-2] Opper 2020, "Chapter 3: The Chinese Soviet Republic, 1931 – 1934, Section IV: The KMT Strategy and Alternative".

[FOOTNOTEHsu2012137-3] Hsu 2012, p. 137.

[FOOTNOTEOpper2020"Chapter_3:_The_Chinese_Soviet_Republic,_1931_–_1934,_Section_V._CCP_Territorial_Control:_From_Guerrillas_to_Soldiers"-4] Opper 2020, "Chapter 3: The Chinese Soviet Republic, 1931 – 1934, Section V. CCP Territorial Control: From Guerrillas to Soldiers".

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