Enteroendocrine cell

Enteroendocrine cell
Enteroendocrine cell
	Actions of the major digestive hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells
Details
System	Endocrine system
Location	Gastrointestinal tract
Identifiers
Latin	endocrinocyti gastroenteropancreatici
MeSH	D019858
TH	H3.04.02.0.00024, H3.08.01.0.00003
FMA	62930
	Anatomical terms of microanatomy

Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with endocrine function. They produce gastrointestinal hormones or peptides in response to various stimuli and release them into the bloodstream for systemic effect, diffuse them as local messengers, or transmit them to the enteric nervous system to activate nervous responses.^[1]^[2] Enteroendocrine cells of the intestine are the most numerous endocrine cells of the body.^[3]^[4]^[5] They constitute an enteric endocrine system as a subset of the endocrine system just as the enteric nervous system is a subset of the nervous system.^[6] In a sense they are known to act as chemoreceptors, initiating digestive actions and detecting harmful substances and initiating protective responses.^[7]^[8] Enteroendocrine cells are located in the stomach, in the intestine and in the pancreas. Microbiota play key roles in the intestinal immune and metabolic responses in these enteroendocrine cells via their fermentation product (short chain fatty acid), acetate.^[9]

^ Rehfeld JF (October 1998). "The new biology of gastrointestinal hormones". Physiological Reviews. 78 (4): 1087–108. doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1087. PMID 9790570.
^ Solcia E, Capella C, Buffa R, Usellini L, Fiocca R, Frigerio B, Tenti P, Sessa F (1981). "The diffuse endocrine-paracrine system of the gut in health and disease: ultrastructural features". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement. 70: 25–36. PMID 6118945.
^ Ahlman H (2001). "The gut as the largest endocrine organ in the body". Annals of Oncology. 12 Suppl 2 (suppl 2): S63–8. doi:10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_2.s63. PMID 11762354.
^ Schonhoff SE, Giel-Moloney M, Leiter AB (June 2004). "Minireview: Development and differentiation of gut endocrine cells". Endocrinology. 145 (6): 2639–44. doi:10.1210/en.2004-0051. PMID 15044355. Archived from the original on 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
^ Moran GW, Leslie FC, Levison SE, Worthington J, McLaughlin JT (July 2008). "Enteroendocrine cells: neglected players in gastrointestinal disorders?". Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 1 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1177/1756283X08093943. PMC 3002486. PMID 21180514.
^ Wallace Hayes A (2007). Principles and Methods of Toxicology (5th, revised ed.). CRC Press. p. 1547. ISBN 9781420005424.
^ Sternini C, Anselmi L, Rozengurt E (February 2008). "Enteroendocrine cells: a site of 'taste' in gastrointestinal chemosensing". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 15 (1): 73–8. doi:10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f43a73. PMC 2943060. PMID 18185066.
^ Sternini C (February 2007). "Taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. IV. Functional implications of bitter taste receptors in gastrointestinal chemosensing". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 292 (2): G457–61. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00411.2006. PMID 17095755.
^ Jugder BE, Kamareddine L, Watnick PI (August 2021). "Microbiota-derived acetate activates intestinal innate immunity via the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complex". Immunity. 54 (8): 1683–1697.e3. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.017. ISSN 1074-7613. PMC 8363570. PMID 34107298.

[1] Rehfeld JF (October 1998). "The new biology of gastrointestinal hormones". Physiological Reviews. 78 (4): 1087–108. doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1087. PMID 9790570.

[Solcia-2] Solcia E, Capella C, Buffa R, Usellini L, Fiocca R, Frigerio B, Tenti P, Sessa F (1981). "The diffuse endocrine-paracrine system of the gut in health and disease: ultrastructural features". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement. 70: 25–36. PMID 6118945.

[3] Ahlman H (2001). "The gut as the largest endocrine organ in the body". Annals of Oncology. 12 Suppl 2 (suppl 2): S63–8. doi:10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_2.s63. PMID 11762354.

[4] Schonhoff SE, Giel-Moloney M, Leiter AB (June 2004). "Minireview: Development and differentiation of gut endocrine cells". Endocrinology. 145 (6): 2639–44. doi:10.1210/en.2004-0051. PMID 15044355. Archived from the original on 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2013-03-01.

[5] Moran GW, Leslie FC, Levison SE, Worthington J, McLaughlin JT (July 2008). "Enteroendocrine cells: neglected players in gastrointestinal disorders?". Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 1 (1): 51–60. doi:10.1177/1756283X08093943. PMC 3002486. PMID 21180514.

[isbn_9781420005424_page_1547-6] Wallace Hayes A (2007). Principles and Methods of Toxicology (5th, revised ed.). CRC Press. p. 1547. ISBN 9781420005424.

[catia-7] Sternini C, Anselmi L, Rozengurt E (February 2008). "Enteroendocrine cells: a site of 'taste' in gastrointestinal chemosensing". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 15 (1): 73–8. doi:10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f43a73. PMC 2943060. PMID 18185066.

[8] Sternini C (February 2007). "Taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. IV. Functional implications of bitter taste receptors in gastrointestinal chemosensing". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 292 (2): G457–61. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00411.2006. PMID 17095755.

[pmid34107298-9] Jugder BE, Kamareddine L, Watnick PI (August 2021). "Microbiota-derived acetate activates intestinal innate immunity via the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complex". Immunity. 54 (8): 1683–1697.e3. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.017. ISSN 1074-7613. PMC 8363570. PMID 34107298.

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