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Epiphany (holiday)

This article is about the Christian feast day. For other uses, see Epiphany.

Epiphany
The Adoration of the Magi by Edward Burne-Jones (1904)
Also calledBaptism of Jesus, Three Kings Day, Denha, Little Christmas, Theophany, Timkat, Reyes
Observed byChristians, Alawites[1][2][3]
TypeChurch service, winter swimming, chalking the door, house blessings, star singing
Significance
Date
FrequencyAnnual
Related to

Epiphany (/əˈpɪfəni/ ə-PIF-ə-nee), or Eid al-Ghitas (Arabic: عيد الغِطاس),[4] also known as "Theophany" in Eastern Christian tradition,[5] is a Christian feast day commemorating the visit of the Magi, the baptism of Jesus, and the wedding at Cana.[6]

In Western Christianity, the feast commemorates principally (but not solely) the visit of the Magi to the Christ Child, and thus Jesus Christ's physical manifestation to the Gentiles.[7][8] It is sometimes called Three Kings' Day, and in some traditions celebrated as Little Christmas.[9] Moreover, the feast of the Epiphany, in some denominations, also initiates the liturgical season of Epiphanytide.[10][11]

Eastern Christians, on the other hand, commemorate the baptism of Jesus (but it is also called Epiphany) in the Jordan River, seen as his manifestation to the world as the Son of God.[6] The spot marked by Al-Maghtas in Jordan, adjacent to Qasr al-Yahud in the West Bank, is considered to be the original site of the baptism of Jesus and the ministry of John the Baptist.[12][13]

The traditional date for the feast is January 6. However, since 1970, the celebration is held in some countries on the Sunday after January 1. Those Eastern Churches which are still following the Julian calendar observe the feast on what, according to the internationally used Gregorian calendar, is January 19,[14] because of the current 13-day difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars.[15] The Alawites and the Middle Eastern Christians also observe the feast on January 19.[1][2][3]

In many Western Churches, the eve of the feast is celebrated as Twelfth Night (Epiphany Eve) on January 5.[16][17] The Monday after Epiphany is known as Plough Monday.[18]

Popular Epiphany customs include Epiphany singing, chalking the door, having one's house blessed, consuming Three Kings Cake, winter swimming, as well as attending church services.[19] It is customary for Christians in many localities to remove their Christmas decorations on Epiphany Eve (Twelfth Night),[20] although those in other Christian countries historically remove them on Candlemas, the conclusion of Epiphanytide.[21][22][23] According to one seventeenth-century tradition, it is inauspicious to remove Christmas decorations before Epiphany Eve and those who do not remove them on that date have the opportunity take them down on Candlemas.[21][24][25]

  1. ^ a b "Başkan Savaş'tan Kıddes Bayramı mesajı". Antakya Gazetesi - Toplumcu Halk Gazetesi (in Turkish). January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  2. ^ a b Sağaltıcı, Ümit (January 20, 2023). "Kıddes Bayram, Tüm Cihana Mübarek Olsun!". Samandağ Ayna Haber (in Turkish). Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Bugün, Kıddes Bayramı". İskenderun Ses Gazetesi (in Turkish). Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  4. ^ Makary, Marina (January 17, 2023). "Why do Coptic Christians in Egypt Eat Taro on Feast of the Epiphany?". Egyptian Streets. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  5. ^ "The Byzantine Blessing of Water on the Vigil of the Epiphany".
  6. ^ a b "The Origins and Spirituality of the Epiphany". Catholicireland.net. February 14, 1969. Archived from the original on November 27, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  7. ^ Packer, George Nichols (1893). Our Calendar. Union and Advertiser Co. p. 110. The length of Christmastide or season is twelve days, lasting from the 25th of December to Epiphany. Epiphany (Greek Epiphania, Theophania or Christophania), is a festival in commemoration of the manifestation of Jesus Christ to the world as the Son of God, and referring to the appearance of the star which announced our Saviour's birth to the Gentiles, and the visit of the Magi, or Wise Men of the East to the infant Jesus. This festival is held on the 6th of January invariably, consequently is not a moveable feast, though the length of Epiphany-tide depends upon the date of Easter.
  8. ^ "Epiphany and Epiphanytide". The Parish of St Clement and St James. The Church of England. December 23, 2013. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2014. The current pattern in the Anglican Church is to have an extended Epiphany season (called Epiphanytide). This is why Nativity scenes are sometimes kept in churches throughout January. Epiphanytide: Rather confusingly, however, the other two main 'manifestations' marked in Epiphanytide concern Jesus as an adult: his baptism in the River Jordan, when the Holy Spirit descends on him in the form of a dove (on the Sunday after Epiphany), and his first sign: the turning of water into wine at the marriage feast in Cana in Galilee. This latter event – the third 'epiphany' of the season – is only to be found in John's gospel.
  9. ^ Heiligman, Deborah (2007). Celebrate Christmas. National Geographic. p. 27. ISBN 9781426301223. At the end of the Twelve Days of Christmas comes a special day called the Epiphany, or Three Kings Day. This holiday, which falls on January 6th, is celebrated as the day when the three wise men, also called the three kings, first saw baby Jesus and gave him gifts.
  10. ^ "Epiphany". Christian Advocate. 7. United Methodist Publishing House: 15. 1963. ...in Methodist usage the Epiphany Season includes all the Sundays between that date and Ash Wednesday, which for 1964 will be February 12, the beginning of Lent.
  11. ^ The Church Eclectic. Vol. XXV. The Young Churchman Co. 1898. p. 1089. The Provincial Synod established in 1883 the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada, framed largely upon the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the American Church. No concerted action had been taken by the Church in Canada till the formation of this society but by the regular issuing of appeals from the Board of Management each year, at Ascensiontide for Domestic, and at Epiphanytide for Foreign Missions, a certain amount of interest in the great question of missions has been created.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference unescobof was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ "Baptism Site "Bethany Beyond the Jordan" (Al-Maghtas)". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  14. ^ "The Calendar of the Orthodox Church". Goarch.org. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  15. ^ Holger Oertel (September 22, 2007). "The Julian Calendar". Ortelius.de. Archived from the original on January 3, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  16. ^ "Twelve days of Christmas". Full Homely Divinity. Archived from the original on March 27, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2015. We prefer, like good Anglicans, to go with the logic of the liturgy and regard January 5th as the Twelfth Day of Christmas and the night that ends that day as Twelfth Night. That does make Twelfth Night the Eve of the Epiphany, which means that, liturgically, a new feast has already begun.
  17. ^ Funk, Tim (December 25, 2009). "Presbyterians bring Twelfth Night". The Charlotte Observer. Christmas was a day to go to church – the simpler the service, the better, Todd says – and maybe have a quiet dinner with family. It was a slower time in the agricultural year, so there was an opportunity for some leisure. As long as you didn't overdo it. But even Scots-Irish Presbyterians had to have a little fun sometimes. The occasion to let go was Twelfth Night on Jan. 5 or 6. For Christians, it marks the arrival in Bethlehem of the Magi, or Three Wise Men.
  18. ^ "The Bridge" Archived December 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. The Diocese of Southwark. Newsletter dated December 2011/January 2012.
  19. ^ Polon, Linda; Cantwell, Aileen (1983). The Whole Earth Holiday Book. Good Year Books. p. 97. ISBN 9780673165855.
  20. ^ A Study Guide for William Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night" (2 ed.). Cengage Learning. 2016. p. 29. ISBN 9781410361349. Twelfth Night saw people feasting and taking down Christmas decorations. The king cake is traditionally served in France and England on the Twelfth Night to commemorate the journey of the Magi to visit the Christ child.
  21. ^ a b McGregor, Kate (November 30, 2023). "It's Bad Luck To Take Your Tree Down Before January 6". AOL. According to the tradition of the 12 days of Christmas (explained above), January 6 is the earliest you should be taking down your Christmas tree. According to the legend, bad luck will befall those who stop the Christmas cheer any earlier.
  22. ^ Edworthy, Niall (2008). The Curious World of Christmas. Penguin Group. p. 83. ISBN 9780399534577. The time-honoured epoch for taking down Christmas decorations from Church and house in Candlemas Day, February 2nd. Terribly withered they are by that time. Candlemas in old times represented the end of the Christmas holidays, which, when "fine old leisure" reigned, were far longer than they are now.
  23. ^ Roud, Steve (2008). The English Year. Penguin Books Limited. p. 690. ISBN 9780141919270. As indicated in Herrick's poem, quoted above, in the mid seventeenth century Christmas decorations were expected to stay in place until Candlemas (2 February), and this remained the norm until the nineteenth century.
  24. ^ Groome, Imogen (December 31, 2016). "When is Twelfth Night and what does it mean?". Metro. Retrieved January 7, 2017. Twelfth Night 2017 is on Thursday 5 January, which is when we're meant to put away our Christmas decorations or there'll be bad luck in the year ahead. If you miss the date, some believe it's necessary to keep decorations up until Candlemas on 2 February – or you'll definitely have a rubbish year.
  25. ^ "Candlemas". BBC. Retrieved April 9, 2014. Any Christmas decorations not taken down by Twelfth Night (January 5th) should be left up until Candlemas Day and then taken down.

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